"A carrier is one who undertakes the transportation of persons or movable property,1 and the authorities, both elementary and judicial, recognize two kinds or classes of carriers, viz., private carriers and common carriers.2 While a common carrier has been defined as one who holds himself out to the public to carry persons or freight for hire,3 the term did not, at the common law, embrace a carrier of passengers,4 and is commonly confined to carriers of goods,5 as distinguished from common carriers of passengers.6 A private carrier is one who, without being engaged in such business as a public employment, undertakes to deliver goods in a particular case for hire or reward.7 A common carrier differs from a private carrier in two important respects; (1) in respect of duty, he being obliged by law to undertake the charge of transportation, which no other person, without a special agreement is,8 and (2) in respect of risk, the former being regarded by the law as an insurer, the latter being liable like ordinary bailees." 9

1 Abbott L. Diet.

2 Varble vs. Bigley, 14 Bush. (Ky.),

698, 702, 29 Am. Rep., 435;

Verner vs. Sweitzer, 32 Pa. St.,

208, 212. 3 Naugatuck R. Co. vs. Waterbury

Button Co., 24 Conn., 468.

4 Georgia Cent. R. Co. vs. Lipp-man, 110 Ga., 665, 672, 36 S. E., 202; L. R. A., 673; Astor vs. Heaven, 2 Esp., 533, 5 Rev. Rep., 750.

5 See infra, 11 A., 1 a.

6 See infra, I11 A., 1 a.