The right to remove civil cases begun in state courts into the federal courts will receive treatment in a later chapter." In these cases the right is given not so much that federal supremacy may be maintained as that impartial tribunals may be secured to the litigants.

This argument of the minority as to the constitutional incapacity of Congress to provide for the summary removal from the state to federal courts of cases of the class of the one at issue overlooks, or at least puts aside as not controlling, the possibility, should its view be accepted, of a State, should it so desire, so administering its criminal law as seriously and even vitally to interfere with the exercise by the Federal Government of its acknowledged constitutional powers. This the majority pointed out. the State could do by so delaying the trial in its own courts of federal officials charged with crime, as to render in large measure nugatory the right of the accused to appeal to the United States Supreme Court from the highest state court.

The majority doctrine in the Davis case has never been overruled.

5 Straudor v. West Virginia, 100 IT. S. 303. 6 Chapter VIII (Maintenance Of Federal Supremacy By Habeas Corpus To State Authorities. 68. State Courts May Not Interfere With Federal Authorities). 7 Chapter L (The Federal Judiciary Organization. 548. Constitutional Provisions).