may be classed together, as there is a sameness of symptoms attending them that is sometimes difficult to separate. We will therefore consider them collectively, as the same remedies that are employed in the one are also administered in the other.

These diseases, then, consist in inflammation in the upper parts of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat. This membrane is studded with a number of follicles which in health secrete a large quantity of mucus for the purpose of lubricating the parts. This membrane has also another function to fulfil, and that is, it raises the temperature of the air before it reaches the lungs.

Now, when catarrh commences, the mucous membrane loses its moist appearance, and becomes dry and inflamed; the bloodvessels appear to be standing prominently out; the eyes are also reddened, because the membrane covering them is simply a continuation of the same lining of the nose and throat.

Symptoms

the animal is dull, refuses to eat; soon there is considerable difficulty in swallowing, the breathing and pulse are both hurried a little, the redness gradually increases, the blood continues to accumulate in the capillaries, which are now overloaded; and in order to relieve them effusion of serum takes place, that is to say, in other words, water pours from the nose and eyes. Stagnation of the blood is the result of this inflammation, the patient gets feverish, the mouth hot and muzzle dry, the urine scanty and high-coloured, bowels often constipated or feces hard and glazed, irregularity of the temperature of the body, legs and ears hot and cold alternately, cough easily excited, which is full and loud, often accompanied by sneezing, with a discharge of thick yellow lymph from the nose, which speedily becomes converted into pus.

Treatment

Place the animal in a clean comfortable place, keep the temperature as even as possible, and give the following: - Nitre, one drachm; sweet spirits of nitre, three drachms; treacle, four ounces; water, six ounces. Mix, and give two table spoonfuls every six hours.