attacks all animals that we have to do with, the causes being similar to those producing catarrh and other affections of the same nature.

In health the lungs are of a beautiful pink colour, highly elastic, and when put into water float, crepitating when pressed between the finger and thumb. In pneumonia things are exactly the reverse of what they are in health. The substance becomes of a red-brown colour, ultimately grey, and when put into water, sinks.

Pathological Appearances

First, in the scarlet stage there is a period of increased vascularity; this is called the period of congestion, or sanguineous engorgement. Second, when fully confirmed, the lungs are of a reddish-brown colour, and sink in water; this is called the stage of red hepatisation. The third and last stage is called grey hepatisation, when it is denser and more solid. These three stages are often found existing in one lung at the same time, and the lowest part of the lung is usually the worst.

It does not, however, always attack both lungs at once, and the right one as a rule is invariably the first affected; but in all severe cases they are both implicated. How this occurs is not easily explained; the right lung is larger, contains more air, and consequently has more bloodvessels. But why it should select this side first remains a mystery; it is also the same with pleurisy.

Symptoms

Pneumonia is generally ushered in by a shivering fit, more or less violent according to the severity of the attack. The breathing becomes accelerated and laborious, the mouth hot and dry, owing to the presence of irritative fever; there may or there may not be a cough; the pulse is laboured and depressed, the lungs being overdistended; the blood is improperly purified, the appetite is arrested, the kidneys refuse to act, the bowels are irregular; and in a single sentence the whole condition of the system maybe summed up under the head of general impairment in all the secretions.

Treatment

In the first place, secure the patient's comfort by having it conveyed to a suitable house, which must be well ventilated and airy. By adopting this plan you promote a sedative action at once. If the animal has been ill for a day or two, as in all probability it will, if there is the slightest evidence of debility or weakness, then you must support the strength by giving stimulants. If, on the other hand, the pulse is active and the fever high, you must give the tincture of aconite twice or thrice daily, combined with a diffusible stimulant. Nitre, digitalis, and tartar emetic are also valuable agents, and ought to be had recourse to in this complaint. Give easily digested food. Of course, hot fomentations, or blistering the sides, must not be forgotten, and when the inflammation has subsided, good food, with tonics, such as gentian, etc, ought to be employed.