This section is from the book "The Stable Book: Being A Treatise On The Management Of Horses", by John Stewart. Also available from Amazon: The Stable Book.
Should the mare die, or become unfit, from sickness or a diseased udder, to suckle her foal, it must be fed with cow's milk. If a week or two old, it may be fed from a pail in the same way as calves. The man puts his hand into a pail of milk, with his fingers projecting above the surface. The calf or foal seizes the fingers, and sucks up the milk, which should always be new and warm from the cow. In a little while the young animal learns to drink it. If so young or stupid that it can not be fed in this way, the milk must be poured into its mouth. Take a teapot, or teakettle with a small spout. Surround the spout with three or four folds of linen cloth, sufficient to make it soft, but not too large. Place this prepared spout in the foal's mouth, and it will suck the milk from the vessel. An article might be made for the purpose, of tin. The aperture in the spout should not be much more than an eighth of an inch in calibre, otherwise the milk will come faster than the foal can swallow it. Let the spout rise from the bottom of the vessel, so that the air can not get into it when the foal is sucking.
I do not know how much milk a foal will consume. It should be given four or five times a day.
 
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