1. flying jib z. outer jib

3. jib (also inner jib

4. fore topmast staysail

5. foreskysail 6. fore royal

7. fore topgallant

8. fore topsail

9. foresail

10. main royal staysail

11. main topgallant staysail

12. main topmast staysail

13. main sky sail

14. main royal

15. main royal studding sails (stunsails) 16. main topgallant

17. main topgallant stunsails

18. main topsail 19. mainsail

20. mizzen royal staysail

21. mizzen topgallant staysail

22. mizzen topmast staysail

23. mizzen skysail

24. mizzen royal

25 mizzen topgallant

26 mizzen topsail

27 crossjack(crojack)

28. spanker.

28. dolphin striker

Fig. 7.14. Sails of a three-masted square-rigged ship.

Our model of the Flying Cloud is running before the wind with her main royal and topgallant studding sails (stunsails) set. These are narrow supplementary sails rigged out on small booms at the sides of the principal square sails, and can be indicated very easily by cutting the main royal and topgallant sails wider, as shown in detail A of Figure 7.13.

Coming now to the rigging of the lateral sails, we note four triangular sails over the bowsprit. Actually the latter includes a jib boom and flying jib boom, but for so small a model the bowsprit only is sufficient. The stays for these headsails are threads strung through slits near the ends of the sails, with the flying jib stay threaded through the cleft end of the bowsprit, and the others fastened at intervals to represent the jib boom and flying jib boom respectively. A fifth thread, the fore skysail stay, passes through the clefts in the foremast and bowsprit, continues on through the cleft in the dolphin striker to become the martingale, and is fastened tautly to a pin pushed flush into the bow, as indicated in the drawing. Two bob-stays extend from the tip of the bowsprit to pins on either side of the bow. A drop of glue in each of the cleft ends will fix the stays permanently in position.

Similar to the headsails are the triangular staysails rigged between the masts. It will be noted that only the main royal, topgallant and topmast staysails are shown in the drawing. The mizzen royal, topgallant and topmast staysails can be rigged between the main and mizzenmasts in a like manner.

The spanker (detail B, Figure 7.13) is cut with a flap which can be glued around the foot of the mizzenmast as indicated. To save extra gluing, the ensign can be included when cutting out spanker. After it is colored, and the diagonal spanker gaff blacked in on the sail, the ensign is bent forward so that it is blowing with the wind in the same direction as the pennon on the peak of the mainmast.

The various shrouds and backstays, which support the masts laterally, are consolidated into a single pair of threads from the clefts in the peaks of each mast to pins sunk into the sides of the hull.

Glued to an inverted box top or a piece of wood which has been colored blue, this little model embodies the spirit of the lordly Yankee Clipper, poised for adventure in any ocean against any gale.

In order to maintain interest, a subsequent model can be assembled with the hull cut off at an angle at the bottom to provide a definite sidewise list to the deck. The masts are stepped in at the same angle so that the tiny vessel is heeling over in a brisk gale. This time the flying jib, stunsails and staysails are properly omitted, and the fore, main, and mizzen skysails represented as furled by gluing short pieces of match stick for yards, at right angles to the masts below their peaks. The furled crojack, being a larger sail, could be shown by cutting a narrow strip of paper with three shallow scallops.

For the intensely practical skipper who insists upon baptising his vessel, a nail sunk into the bottom of the hull will counterbalance the top-heavy rigging. However, unlike its historical prototype, the tiny model is not equipped to weather rough seas. Hence the mantelpiece, a dresser top, or shelf is recommended as a safer harbor for these little replicas of the sovereigns of the sailing ships.