Work into the skin with appropriate tools 3 or 4 successive coatings of drying varnish, made by boiling linseed oil with white lead and litharge, in the proportion of 1 lb. of each of the latter to 1 gal. of the former, and adding a portion of chalk or ochre, each coating being thoroughly dried before the application of the rest. Ivory black is then substituted for the chalk or ochre, the varnish thinned with spirits of turpentine, and five additional applications made in the same manner as before, except that it is put on thin and not worked in. The leather is rubbed down with pumice stone, in powder, and then placed in a room at 90 degrees, out of the way of dust. The last varnish is prepared by boiling ½ lb. of asphaltum with 10 lbs. of the drying oil Deed in the first stage of the process, and then stirring in 5 lbs. copal varnish and 10 lbs. of turpentine. It must have 1 month's age before using.