Ripping is sawing wood along the grain.

Cross cutting is sawing across the grain.

A warped board is said to be out of wind. It may be planed straight in the planer if only moderately out of wind so that but little material needs to be removed.

In Fig. 107 the cuts commonly designated in woodworking are lettered as follows: a. a. Chamfering or cornering.

b. Rabbeting.

c. Filleting (in contrast to square corner d).

f. Plowing.

g. Gaining. h. Checking.

k. Raised paneling.

Specimens of wood joints are:

I. Mortise and tenon.

m. Tongue and grove, or matched joint.

n. Dovetail.

p. Miter joint.

r. Half joint.

s, t, u. Scarf joints.

w. Segment work.

x. Stave work.

Fig. 107. - Cuts and Joints used in Woodworking.