This section is from the book "Applied Science For Metal Workers", by William H. Dooley. Also available from Amazon: Applied Science For Metal Workers.
When iron bars are rolled, their molecules become stretched into a fibrous condition. Rolling gives to the metal, especially when thin as in boiler plates, a greater tensile strength in the direction of its fibers. Wire drawings and cold rolling (passing over cold rolls of steel) increase the tenacity and hardness of wrought iron, but annealing returns it to its original strength and softness.
 
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