This section is from the book "The Investor's Catechism", by Marc M. Reynolds. Also available from Amazon: The Investor's Catechism.
It stands for an English penny; equal to about two American cents.
They are the three days directly following the maturity of a note or bill, and in some States allowed debtors by law as an extension in which to make payment.
A term used to define a bankrupt in the market.
It is when a combination of men enter into a secret agreement or form a pool to depress or advance a stock or group of stocks, for the purpose of making money out of other speculators. Such an operation is called a Wall Street deal,
A debenture, or, in other words a debenture bond, is simply a certificate of indebtedness or promise to pay, issued by a corporation. It is not a mortgage bond. Usually it differs from the average income bond as it contains a promise to pay a certain amount of interest at stated periods. While an income bond may be a mortgage and not a "debenture," an income bond cannot be foreclosed before maturity, which may be a half century away, which makes the position of the principal of the two classes of bonds practically the same.
A default on a bond is the failure to pay the interest or principal when due. Usually a default furnishes ground for application for a receivership, although in some instances mortgage bonds carry a clause not allowing the holder to begin foreclosure proceedings until the bond has defaulted over a certain stated period.
The stock of a corporation which are depending on some future event to realize a dividend. For instance, when the net earnings shall have amounted to more than enough to pay a dividend on the common stock, then the deferred shares come in for a dividend. Such shares are not usual.
When a certificate of stock has been properly transferred and the signature of the holder has been properly filled in and witnessed by a member of the Stock Exchange, or a firm in good standing, the stock is a good delivery. Bad deliveries are so termed when the rules governing good deliveries are violated. Sometimes coupons attached to bonds are worn or mutilated so that they are bad deliveries. New shares or bonds are then necessary, if they are demanded.
A term known in grain trading. It is the first business or trading day of the month. However, as all sales are at seller's option, he may deliver the grain on any day of the month for which it has been sold, and is not confined to delivery day.
When railroad freight cars or shipping vessels are detained beyond the time allowed for loading or discharging freight, a charge for this loss of time is made. This is called demurrage.
It relates to a lower rate or a decrease of the scheduled price which railways, having a common tariff, allow a road in the combine to make in order to stimulate traffic, if acceptable to Inter-State Commerce Commission.
Used in stock speculation and signifies an account intrusted to the discretion of the broker with whom it is open. Most reputable brokerage houses dislike discretionary accounts and refuse to accept them.
A powerful pool is formed sometimes to depress or advance a certain stock or stocks, and its direction is left to the discretion of one or more members who represent the interests of all the members. So-called discretionary pools have at times been formed by unscrupulous speculators who, working on the weak minds of the credulous, have obtained money from various sources, ostensibly to be used in a pool and speculated with at the discretion of the promoter of the pool. Such pools should be avoided by the public and literature received from any so-called firm, outlining a discretionary pool, should be thrown in the waste basket.
Interest allowed for advancing money on negotiable securities not yet due; the deduction allowed or counted off from the face amount of the securities, either due or to become due, at the time money is advanced upon them. (2) An amount deducted from a sum owing or to be paid; anything counted off or deducted, as a discount of 10 per cent. (3) The act of discounting, as a draft deposited for discount; or the rate of discount. Notes drawn for 30, 60, 90 days at a given rate of interest are frequently discounted.
 
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