Phyteuma Betoniccefolium VILL. (Plate IV.)

Very similar to the last in habit and shape of leaves, but the spikes are at first ovoid and then cylindrical. Stigmas 3. Stamens glabrous. Stem leafy in lower portion. Flowers dark blue. Pastures on siliceous soil up to 8000 feet. July, August.

1 The pale blue spike figured is probably P. spicatum.

Distribution

Southern Germany, Southern Austria, Central and Western Alps; Pyrenees, Spain.

Phyteuma Spicatum L. (Plate IV)

Stems 1-2 feet high, rather stout, usually glabrous, leafy below. Root-leaves longly petioled, ovate heart-shaped, crenate-dentate; upper leaves narrower, sessile, usually entire. Flowers dirty greenish white or pale blue, in an ovoid head which lengthens into a spike 2 inches or more in length.

Woods and meadows, especially in the sub-Alps. June to August.

Distribution

Central and South-Central Europe, extending northwards into Britain (Sussex) and Norway.

Phyteuma Orbiculare L. Round-Headed Rampion. (Plate IV)

Stem 6-18 inches high, erect, often hollow. Lower leaves lanceolate, with a truncate or almost cordate base, stalked, crenate-serrate; upper stem-leaves narrower, sessile. Involucral bracts lanceolate, somewhat serrate. Flowers deepest blue, or sometimes deep blue-violet, in globular heads an inch in diameter. Stigmas 3. Very variable in size.

Meadows and pastures from the plains to about 8600 feet; often very abundant, especially on limestone soil from 4000-5000 feet. June, July.

Distribution

Central and Southern Europe, extending to the chalk downs of Southern England.

Phyteuma Halleri All

The tallest and stoutest species. Stem 2-3 feet high, thick, hollow, leafy at the top. Radical leaves with very long petioles, broadly heart-shaped, and irregularly or coarsely toothed; upper leaves sessile. Flowers dark violet, in dense oblong-cylindric heads. Inferior bracts of involucre leafy, toothed, lanceolate, longer than the flowers. Stamens woolly, 2 stigmas.

Woods and pastures; 4300-6500 feet; local.

Distribution

Carpathians, Servia, Eastern, Central, and Western Alps; Pyrenees, Spain.

Campanula L

Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes, or rarely solitary, and occasionally in short, leafy heads. Corolla regular, bell-shaped, broadly tubular or rotate, with 5 broad lanceolate lobes. Anthers distinct. Stigmas 2, 3, or 5. Capsule crowned by the lobes of the calyx and dehiscing laterally or at the top. A numerous genus, widely spread over the globe, chiefly in the northern hemisphere or in mountain ranges of the hotter regions.