This section is from the book "The Gardener V3", by William Thomson. Also available from Amazon: The New Organic Grower: A Master's Manual of Tools and Techniques for the Home and Market Gardener.
The following remarks on the cultivation of the Rose in pots may not be considered entirely out of place at the present time, the object in view being to direct attention to the capabilities of the Rose as a pot plant'for early forcing. Grand as is the royal Rose when in the full glow of her midsummer glory she dazzles the eye with her brilliant colours and loads the air with her grateful perfume, she possesses a beauty more sweet and delicate when forced in early spring: how fresh the foliage, how sweet the bloom, how we watch the first buds unfold, and how our lady employers hail their appearance ! Their colour, form, and fragrance, all go to make them fast and first favourites with the ladies. The cultivation of the Rose in pots, although greatly improved, as seen at our spring exhibitions of last year, is still far from what it is capable of attaining to. That it blooms at all under the treatment it too often receives is a matter of wonder; for how often during the summer are they to be found in any and all situations save a suitable one % sometimes burned up in the sun and overrun with insects, or, worse still, stowed away into some corner as if to avoid both sun and air, until they may be wanted again to do duty in the forcing-house - at least such of them as may be likely to reward the forcing process with a few blooms - the vacancies in their ranks by death in consequence of such treatment being made up from the open borders, sometimes from the nurserymen.
In the course of our own experience with pot Roses, we have found them amply to repay even a very little attention, but they must have this attention before coming into the forcing-house, starting in February with a few healthy plants which have been under cover all the winter (we prefer them on their own roots when intended for specimen plants for pot culture). "We first cut away all the small spray and shorten the stronger growths to five or six eyes, endeavouring to lay the foundation of a well-balanced plant. If their pots be well filled with roots, give them a shift into a size larger pot, using a compost of one-half fibry loam, one-half old hotbed manure, with a little river sand added. Have them taken into the forcing-house, which may be a pit or early vinery; and where fermenting material is used to assist in breaking the Vines in the latter structure, we have found it answer well to plunge their pots in this until they have broken regularly into growth. If any other structure be available where they can have more light and air than in a vinery, it is to be preferred; if not, give them as light and airy a position in the vinery as possible. Dust the pots with sulphur, and should any become affected with mildew, have them removed from the others.
When they have made a few inches' growth, rub off any small weakly shoots that may he coming away; tie the shoots into position, and use the syringe freely, and by the end of March they will be coming into bloom, when they may be removed to a warm greenhouse. When done blooming, early in May prune them, as before recommended; give them a slight start in heat; when broken into growth remove them to any light airy place that may be available, carefully attending to them with water, giving them liquid manure twice a-week at least. Remove the flower-buds as they appear, and endeavour to get them into a good pyramidal form by tying the shoots as they advance in growth. They should be shifted when done blooming in April into a compost of good fibry loam, with a little leaf-mould and year-old cow-dung added. If they be wanted for early work next season they should be allowed to get drier by the end of September and be pruned, cutting them to four or five eyes; and weakly shoots cut away as before. If obliged to turn them out of doors during the summer, have the pots plunged and as much exposed to the sun as possible, making them secure against wind; have them all housed again by the end of September if possible.
At this time a few may "be selected that are showing for bloom, and, slightly encouraged, they will come in during November and December, and be of great service at that season. In this way they will be found to bloom finer each successive season, and in a few years produce results worth much more than the little trouble expended on the plants yearly. Insects must not be allowed to gain a footing on the plants at any period, but be destroyed on their first appearance by fumigation or otherwise. Some sorts are subject to mildew, especially when in a moist close atmosphere; in such a case give them a good sprinkling of sulphur, and keep any of them affected away from the others. We will not attempt to enter into the merits of varieties in this short paper, merely remarking that those sorts found to be of robust growth and free flowerers out of doors are good for pot-culture; that in the Tea section, most of which are delicate subjects out of doors in our northern clime, we have subjects of rare beauty treated in this way in pots.
We have had plants of Souvenir d'une ami, Devoniensis, Madam Villermoz, etc. etc, in flower in December and January in a show-house among Camelias, Cinerarias, with other hard and soft wooded plants in flower, and the Roses were most admired by both employers and visitors. At this time of the year it is surprising how long the individual blooms last if damp is guarded against. In Marshal Niel the growers of pot-Roses have got a grand acquisition, being both free of growth and of flower. We would here venture to assert that there are very few employers who, if once served with pot-Roses, in even moderate condition, during the early spring, but would look for them as eagerly during that season as for their pans full of gaudy Dutch bulbs or their glowing bushes of gorgeous Azaleas, among which the Rose may be placed and still retain her proud title of Queen of Flowers.
Should the above remarks be the means of drawing the attention of any to the cultivation of the Rose in pots who have hitherto neglected it, the writer shall think himself happy in being able to advance the interest of the Queen of Flowers in however small a degree. Where the plants are forced for cut bloom in large quantities, a different system may be pursued; but we will not enter upon that in this paper. Suburban.
[We saw a plant of Marshal Niel grown on its own roots in a pot by an amateur last autumn, with seventeen splendid blooms on it, some of them 4 inches in diameter. - Ed. ]
 
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