This section is from the book "The Villa Gardener", by J. C. Loudon. Also available from Amazon: The Villa Gardener.
151. The trees are almost all of the low-growing and flowering kinds; under 20ft. in height; and purchasable,1 on an average, for cash, at 1s. 6d. each. Their names are as follow. The prices were kindly put to them by a respectable London nurseryman:
1. Pyrus spectabilis, the Chinese crab-tree,
1s. 1. Quereus I'lex, the evergreen oak, 1s. 6d.
3. Thuja occidental!s, the American arbor vitae, 94.
4. Laurus nobilis, the sweet bay, 1s. 6d.
5. Juniperus virginiana, the red cedar, 1s. 6. Cytisus Laburnum, the common laburnum, 1s. 7. Pyrus aucuparia, the mountain ash, ls.
8. Pavia rubra, the red-flowered Buckeye, or American horsechestnut, 1s. 6d.
9. Pyrus pinnatifida, the cut-leaved white beam-tree, 1s. 6d.
10. Crataegus odoratissima, the sweetestscented (large red-fruited) hawthorn, 9d.
11. Crataegus Aronia, the aronla (yellowfruited) hawthorn, 9d. 12. Cratae gus Crus-galli, the cockspur hawthorn, 9d.
13. Cratae'gus tanacetifolia, the tansy-leaved
(yellow-fruited) hawthorn, 9d.
14. Crataegus cordata, the heart-leared hawthorn, 9d. 14. Birberis aristata, the bristle-leaved berberry, 2s. 6d.
16. Cratae'gus Crus-galli var. salicifolia, the willow-leaved cockspur hawthorn, 9d.
17. Cratae'gus coccinea, the scarlet-fruited hawthorn, 9d.
18. Cratae'gus Azarolus, the asarole hawthorn, 9d.
19. Crataegus nigra, the black-fruited hawthorn, 9d.
20. Crataegus Oxyacanths var. flava, the yellow-fruited common hawthorn, 1s.
21. Gymnocladus canadensis, the Kentucky coffee-tree, 1s.
22. Piptanthus nepaletais, the Nepa piptanthus, 2s. 6d. 23. Koireuteria paniculata, the panicled-flowering koelreuteria, 1s. 6d,
24. Liriodendron Tulipifera, the tulip-tree, 6d.
25. Gleditschia triacanthos, the threethorned honey locust, 6d.
26. Ailantus glandulosa, the all anto, 6d.
27. Ceercis Sillquastrum, the Judas-tree, 6d.
28. Cerasua virginiana, the Virginian birdcherry 1s29. Cytisus alpinus, the Scotch laburnum, ls.
30. Robina visobsa, the glutinous locusttree, or false acacia 1s.
31. Crataegus Oxyaoantha var. coccinea, the scarlet-flowered hawthorn, 9d
32. Crataegus Oxyacantha fibre pleno, the double-flowered hawthorn, 9d.
33. Magnolia conspicua, the Chinese or Yulan magnolia, 3s. 6d. 34. Cytisus Laburnum incisum, the cut-leaved laburnum, 1s. 6d.
35. Robinia hispida, the rose acacia. 1s.
36. Pteles trifoliate, the three-leaved shrubby trefoil, 9d.
37. Cerasus Mahaleb, the perfumed cherry, 1s.
38. JewMncJUer Botryapium, the snowy mespilus, 1s. 39. Cerasus Padus, the bird-cherry, 6d.
40. Census semperflorens, the All Saints' cherry, 1s. 6d.
41. Betula alba pendula, the weeping birch, 3d.
42. Pyrus Americana, the American mountain ash, 1s.
43. Cerasus nigra, the black-barked cherry, 1s.
44. Cotoneaster frigida,the frigid cotoneaster, 1s.
45. Pyrus bollwylleriana, the Bollwyller pear, 2f. 6d.
46. Sophora japunica, the Japan sophora, 6d.
47. Diospyros virginiana, the Virginian lotus-tree, 6d.
48. Census lusitantca, the Portugal laurel, 6d.
49. Negundo fraxinifolium, the ash-leaved box elder, 1s.
50. A'oer rubrum, the red maple, 1s.
51. Taxodium distichum, the deciduous cypress, 1s. 52. Ęsculus carnea, the pink-flowered horsechestnut, 1s. 3d.
53. I'lex Aquifolium var., the common holly, with smooth-edged leaves, 1s. 6d.
54. Salisburks odiantlfolia, the maiden-hair tree, 2f. 6d.
55. Gleditschfo horrida, the horrid-epined honey locust, 2s. 6d. 56, Arlstotelia Macqui, the Macqui-tree, 2s. 6d.
57. Minus domestica myrobalana, the myrobalan plum, 2s.
58. Halceia tetraptera, the snowdrop tree, 1s.
59. Catalpa syringerfolia, the catalpa, 6d.
60. Euonymus latlfolius, the broad-leaved spindle tree. 1s. 6d.
61. I'lex opaca, the opaque-leaved holly, 1s. 6d.
62. Virgilia lutea, the yellow-wooded virgilia.2s.6d. 63. Negindo fraxinifoloium crispum, the curled-leaved box elder, 1s.
64. Magnolia acuminata, the pointed -leaved magnolia, 2s. 6d.
65. Liquidumbar styraciflua, the mapleleaved liquidambar. 1s.
66. Amygdalus communis, the commom almond, 1s.
The following is a List of Evergreen Shrubs:
67. Cupressus sempervirens, the evergreen cypress, 6d.
68. Arbutus U'nedo, the common and scarlet arbutus, 1s., 8 plants.
69. Phlllyrea angustifoiia, the narrowleaved phillyrea. 1s. 6d.
70. Rhamnus Alaternus, the common alaternus, 1s. 6d
71. I'lex Aquifolium var., variegated hollies, 1s., 23 plants.
72. Census Lauroccrasus var., variegated laurel, 6d. 73. Rhododendron ponticum and catawbiense, hardy rhododendrous,, 6d, 6 plants. 74. Escallonia rubra, the red escaflonia.
1s. 6d. 75. Cratae'gus Pyracantha, the Pyracantha, or evergreen hawthorn, 6d.
76. Aucuba japonica, the common aucuba, 6d.
77. Juniperus sueclca, the Swedish juniper, 1s.
78. Buxus sempervirens var., variegated box of different sorts, 6d.
79. Cistus sp., the rock rose of different sorts. 1s, 2 plants.
80. Viburnum Tlnus, the laurustinus of different sorts, 6d, 8 plants.
The following is a list of Deciduous Shrubs:
81. .Daphne Mezereum, the common mezereon, white, red, and autumn-flowering, 1s. 6d, 3 plants.
82. Chimonanthus fragrans the fragrant chimonanthus, 2s. 6d, 2 plants.
83. Hamamelis virginica, the wych hazel 1s.
84. Calycanthus florida, the Carolina allspice, 1s. 88. Syringa vulgaris alba, the white lilac 6d.
86. Syringa vulgaris purpurea, the purple lilac, 6d.
87. Syringa penica, the Persian lilac, 6d.
88. Viburnum O'pulus rosea, the Guelder rose, or snowball-tree, 6d.
89. Cytisus albus, the white broom, 3d.
90. Spirea bella, beautiful spiraea, 6d.
91. Colutea cruenta, the bloody bladder senna, 6d.
92. Coronilla E'merus, the scorpion senna, 64. 93, Azalea pontics, the common yellow azalea. 1s. 94. Symphorla racemose, the snowberry,
95. Spartium junceum the Spanish broom, 34.
96. Cydonia or Pyrus japonica, the Japan quince, 1s. 6d.
97. Clethra alnifblia, the alder-leaved clethra, 6d.
98. Hibiscus syriscus var., the althaea frutex, 6d.
99. Ribes sanguineum, the red-flowered currant, 9d. 100. Ribes aureum, the yellow-flowered currant, 9d.
All the crosses marked in the plan, which are not numbered, are for different sorts of roses; and the number of these may be increased at pleasure, diminishing the number of herbaceous plants in proportion, according to the taste of the owner; 6d, 25 plants.
The following is a List of the Climbing Shrubs for covering the privy, summer house, a part of the boundary wall and porch, and part of the walls of the house:
101. Caprifolium flexuosum, the Japan honeysuckle, 1s. 64., 4 plants.
102. Common twining honeysuckles of sorts, 64., 6 plants.
103. Clematis and Atragene of sorts, 6d, 6 plants.
104. Lycium barbarum, the Duke of An gyll's tea-tree, 6d.
105. Jasminum officinale, the common jasmine, 64.
106. Ampelopsis hederacea, the flve-leaved ivy, 64.
107. Rosa multiflora, and Grevflled. the many-flowered rose, and Greville's rose. 1s. 6d., 2 plants.
108. Wistaria sinensis (Glycine sinensis B. R.) the Chinese wistaria, 1s. 6d.
109. Giant ivy, and Ayrshire rose, 3d., 4 plants.
According to the above enumeration, there need not be a dozen duplicates in the garden; for, though there are some of the species repeated (such as the laurustinus, the Cydonia japonica, the Chinese rose, &c), different varieties of each species may be chosen. The herbaceous plants may be selected on the same principle; so that, in this small garden of not quite a quarter of an acre, nearly 800 different kinds of ornamental plants may be exhibited.
152. The herbaceous plants, both for the front and back gardens, we left to be chosen by the lady of the house; and the reader may make choice of them from the lists given at the end of this work. It is proper to observe, however, that, as the trees and shrubs in the back garden advance in growth, the room for flowering plants will be diminished. After three or four years, there will not be much space within the beds fit for bringing fibrous-rooted herbaceous plants to perfection; because, for this purpose, it is necessary that the plants should have unobstructed light and free air on every side. As the trees and shrubs advance, therefore, they must either be thinned out to make room for the fibrous-rooted herbaceous plants, or a smaller number of these must be grown. The same remark would apply to the roses planted in the beds; because, to flower well, and look well, they require as much light and air as the others; and, like them, as has been before observed, they require to be taken up every second or third year, in autumn or spring, and parted, pruned, and replanted in fresh soil. Supposing the trees and shrubs, exclusive of the roses, not to be thinned out, or reduced by pruning, then, in five or six years, both roses and fibrous-rooted herbaceous plants would be choked.
The best mode of proceeding in that case would be, to cease to dig the beds, and reduce or rake them to the same level as the turf, and to sow any spots pot covered with the branches of the shrubs with grata. This would look remarkably well, both in a picturesque and in a botanical point of view, for another five or six years, when it would become absolutely necessary to root up some of the larger trees, and to prune in, or cut over near the ground, some of the larger shrubs. This process of keeping the beds and groups in shape, by pruning and cutting down, might be carried on for an indefinite period, as may easily be believed by observing the great duration of hedges which are continually cut, and of coppice-wood. In order that the garden may always look well, an equal amount of pruning, thinning, and cutting over, should, as nearly as possible, be performed every year; and regard should be had, in doing this, always to preserve the same proportion between trees and shrubs, and between plants both of kinds which are evergreens and those which are deciduous; unless, indeed, it is thought that an improvement might be made by altering these proportions.
 
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