1. Dissolve in 10 gallons of water five pounds of sulphate of copper. Soak the stakes and whatever may be used to tie up the vines, in this solution, and, as soon as the leaves are fully formed, thoroughly spray them with the solution, using for this purpose any fine spraying apparatus. The "cyclone nozzle" with fine aperture, described and illustrated in Riley's Report as Entomologist for 1883, is probably the best device for this purpose. Repeat the operation occasionally, say once in two or three weeks.

2. Make a mixture of lime and water as one ordinarily prepares white-wash. Apply this in the same manner as No. 1, using a nozzle with a larger aperture. After rains the application should be renewed.

3. In 22 gallons of water dissolve 18 pounds of sulphate of copper; in another vessel mix 34 pounds of lime with 6 or 7 gallons of water. Pour the lime mixture into the copper solution. Mix thoroughly and the compound is ready for use. Placed in conveniently sized buckets it may be carried through the rows of the vineyard and applied to the leaves by the aid of brooms or wisps made of slender twigs, dipped into the compound and then switched right and left so as to spray the foliage.

This remedy is very highly recommended. It is not necessary to entirely cover the leaves. Care must be taken not to get any of the compound on the berries.

4. The powder of Mr. Poudechard. This powder contains the following ingredients in the proportions given : 225 lbs. of air slacked lime; 45 lbs. sulphate of copper; 20 lbs. sulphur (powdered); 30 lbs. ashes (unleached); 15 galls, of water.

These ingredients are compounded as follows : Dissolve the sulphate of copper in the water; when thoroughly dissolved, pour the solution upon the lime which is surrounded by the ashes to keep the liquor from spreading; after 24 hours add the sulphur, thoroughly mix the compound, ashes and all, and sift through a sieve with meshes of 1/8 of an inch. This preparation may be made several months before it is required for use. Its application is made simply by dusting it upon the foliage of the vines after a heavy dew or rain with any spraying or dusting device; that figured and described in the Report of the Entomologist for 1883, being well adapted to this purpose. The convenience of application renders this powder especially well suited for use in the larger vineyards.

5. The ordinary milk-kerosene emulsion (see report of U. S. Entomolgist, 1884, p. 331,) with the addition of from 2 to 5 per cent. of carbolic acid and the same percentage of glycerine and then diluted in 20 to 50 parts of water to one of the emulsion. Spray on the under surface of the leaves by means of a cyclone nozzle of small aperture. This is known in France, where its use has been attended with satisfactory results, as the "Riley Process" - having first been proposed by Dr. C. V. Riley.

The free application of the sulphate of copper and lime appears not only to act as a preventive against mildew, but black rot also. As a further protection against the latter disease it is recommended that Poudechard's Powder be scattered over the grounds in the vineyard, especially where all the trimmings and fallen grapes and leaves of the previous year have not been removed.

Washington, D. C.

[These excellent suggestions have been sent to us by Commissioner Colman, with the request that those trying them will report to the Department, so that the one found the most effectual be generally recommended. - Ed. G. M].