This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
I have, in my last communication, shown how terraces may be produced at an exceedingly moderate expense, suitable to various styles of cottage and villa architecture, and it is on this moderate scale that suggestions for the formations of terraces will interest the greatest number; but this most important feature of decorative gardening would be but imperfectly explained did we finish the series without alluding to terraces in their more palatial form, and in their noblest proportions. It is not always necessary to terrace effects, on the largest scale, that architectural decorations should be introduced, for, by simple embankments, as suggested in our paper on cottage terraces, gardenesque features of a very noble character, and suited to residences of the highest class, may be obtained. The engraving, from a portion of the Papal Gardens of the Belvedere at the back of the Palace of the Vatican, at Rome, will serve to show what may be produced by such simple means; and though still susceptible of great improvement, the geometrical figures produced by deep box edgings, and the symmetrical effect given to the variety of elevation by the embankments, are evidences of a true feeling for the gardenesque in the designer.
The effects to be produced near main terraces, by deep, massive, box edgings, have been much neglected, and might be revived with great effect; but this feature must be cautiously used, and not carried too far, as, in that case, the attempts invariably sink into the me-ritricious - when, for instance, these cropped edgings are tortured into initial ciphers, or even entire epigrams, as in some of the later Italian villas; or to select a more modern instance, in the magnificent gardens of the Earl of Shrewsbury, at Alton Towers - gardens reclaimed by art from land, which some years ago was no other than a barren waste - where, if my memory serves me correctly, a bust has been placed upon a marble column, in a conspicuous part of the ornamental gardens, at the base of which, the ingenious and persevering spectator may decipher, in the cropped box, the motto, "He made" A pillared shade.
* From the Gardener's Magazine af Botany.
The peculiar character of the tufted heads of the Stone Pines, too, grouping in picturesque mosses with terraces, statues, and fountains, tend to invest Roman villas with a charm peculiarly their own.
To return to the subject of our engraving, the villa Panfili Doria is next in importance to that of the Borghesi, among the villas near Rome; but its somewhat greater distance, and unhealthy situation, cause it to be much less frequented. The palace itself is, on its exterior, almost entirely encrusted with antique alto-rclievi, some of which are of the highest merit, and most exquisite beauty. This is a luxury which cannot be imitatod except in Italy, where the soil still teems with the fragments of her ancient splendor, many of the finest of these relievi having been turned up in digging the foundation of the building. The whole of the composition of this palace and gardens - for the whole forms one harmonious design - is an excellent model for the careful examination of the modern student, hut the reduced dimensions of our engraving, can convey but a very inadequate idea of the numerous and elaborate details.
I find the following brief notices of one or two other villas in my journal, with which I shall conclude this article, which, though not strictly of a practical character, is yet, I think, calculated to convey my opinion of the styles to be adopted in the higher class of terraces, better than more mechanical definition.
The villa Albani, perhaps, realises more than any other the dreams of the Italian villa, that haunt the imagination before having seen Italy. It is chaste, and severely classic in its style, yet, withal, richly magnificent, a rare and difficult combination. And to its intrinsic features, the charms of position are superadded, the range of views from its marble terraces commanding the finest portions of the picturesque campagna, with its rugged lines of half crumbling acqueduets, and scattered groups of detached ruins.
The gardens of the Borghesian villa Mondragone, at Frascati, combine to an unusual extent the richness of immediately surrounding features with the result of art. The noblest views over the Appenine range, and the campagna, the latter extending even to Rome, where the vast cupolas of St. Peter's are seen describing a dim blue arch upon the horizon. The various and picturesque foreground offered by the rich marble terraces of Mondragone, have not been overlooked by artists; many distant views of Rome, and of the ever attractive campagna, have been painted from this spot.
 
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