This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
From observation and experience I have learned some facts relative to trimming trees, which may be useful to the right time to trim fruit trees?" But I have never heard the more important question asked, How is the right way to trim trees?
The answers to these two questions, which I propose, is the following rule for trimming trees. Between the 20th of June and 4th of July, cut the limb very close to the trunk, so as not to separate the bark from the wood; then with a brush, cover the wood and bark with gum shellac, having it previously dissolved in alcohol.
Why this particular time? some will ask. I answer, because this is the season when the year's growth of wood is soft, [when the deposit of young wood is going on,] and it will unite with the bark quite out to where it is cut off, a very important point. Why cover over the space with gum shellac? another will ask. Simply because this will preserve the wood from decaying, while Nature is at work healing the wound.
I burn apple tree wood in a Franklin stove, because it never snaps on the carpet. - and I have no difficulty in purchasing it. Farmers arc "cutting down old apple trees which formerly bore superior fruit, because they are dying." And why are they dying? Simply because they nave been improperly trimmed. In cutting up the trees, the outside has generally a sound appearance, but inside I find large limbs have been cut off, and before the wounds healed over, that part of the limb not removed had become rotten, and thereby so materially affected the health of the tree, that it could bear no more fruit - it could hardly live - It must be cut down to make room for young trees, which, if treated in the same manner, will prematurely decay from the same cause.
Trees should be trimmed when young, in such a manner that there will be no necessity for cutting off large limbs. If this were done our fruit trees would attain a good old age, instead of being cut down when they should be in the prime of life and in full bearing. A Subcri-ber. Trenton, N. J., Nov. 26, 1850.
 
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