This section is from the book "The Wild Garden", by W. Robinson. Also available from Amazon: William Robinson: The Wild Gardener.
This sad subject has been kept for the last, as the only disagreeable one in connection with the wild garden. All I have to say of it is, there should be no rabbits in the wild garden ; but the following suggestions may prove useful.
The subject should be presented in a practical light to landowners and preservers of game, and if it can be shown that the preservation, or rather toleration, of rabbits on an estate is a dead loss both to the proprietor and his tenants, probably more active measures would be taken for their extermination. It is incalculable the injury they do to young trees alone ; indeed, where they prevail there is no chance of getting up cover except at an extravagant cost. Hares are less destructive, if they damage trees at all ; and it is said by experienced gamekeepers that they never thrive so well where rabbits abound. And as regards pheasants, they drive them away by eating down the evergreen cover so necessary to their existence in the way of shelter in winter. Pheasants will not remain in a wood where there is not shelter of this kind ; and nothing are they more partial to than the Holly, which ought to abound in every wood, but which the rabbits destroy first. Here are two sorts of game - hares and pheasants - which many can never have enough of, and the existence of which is directly interfered with by the rabbits ; they should be encouraged at the expense of the latter - not to speak of the expense incurred year after year making up losses in plantation, and the expense of wire-netting and labour, etc., in protecting the trees. The extermination of rabbits in this country is not such a difficult matter as might be imagined. When it was determined here a few years since to reduce their numbers to a minimum on the farm lands and woods, it did not require more than a couple of years to do so by shooting and ferreting during the season ; and they are now principally confined to one part of the estate - an extensive tract of waste land not of much use for any other purpose. I feel pretty certain that a few active poachers would undertake to clear an estate of its rabbits in a marvellously short time, and would be glad to pay a handsome consideration for the privilege of doing so. In whatever degree rabbits contribute to our food supply - and it is not much - they certainly destroy a great quantity of our corn crops, and are no profit to gentlemen or game preservers, and there is therefore no excuse for their existence.
Hungry rabbits, like hungry dogs or starving men, will eat almost anything that can be masticated and swallowed. Rabbits, as a rule, prefer to nibble over a pasture that contains short, sweet, wholesome grass, and a proportion of clover, dandelion, and daisies, but in and about woods where rabbits are numerous, the grass, from being closely and constantly eaten off, gradually disappears, and at the approach of winter is succeeded by moss, a very cold, watery, and innutritions substitute ; then rabbits are driven to seek food from other sources than grass, and the bark of small trees, the leaves, stalks, and bark of shrubs, and the protruding roots of forest trees, are eaten almost indiscriminately. Amongst evergreen shrubs, rhododendrons and box are generally avoided, but I have known newly-planted hybrid rhododendrons to be partly eaten by rabbits. The elder is distasteful, and American azaleas are avoided. I have frequently seen Yew trees barked ; mahonias are devoured in these woods as soon as planted ; and periwinkle, which is named amongst rabbit-proof plants, is generally eaten to the ground in severe weather. Some of the bulbs and flowering plants named by your correspondent may well escape in winter, because they are not seen above ground, and where they grow, other more agreeable herbage appears, so their immunity consists in being-inaccessible in a hungry time. Where rabbits are permitted, the fact that they require food daily, like other creatures, should be recognised. In the absence of wholesome food they will eat simply what they can get. A certain portion of grass land should be retained for them and managed accordingly ; a few acres might be wired round, or, to be more explicit, surrounded with wire-netting, to the exclusion of rabbits, until the approach of wintry weather, when it could be thrown open for them. If this cannot be done, and frosty weather sets in, when the mischief to shrubs is consummated, trimmings of quick hedges should be scattered about, and an allowance of turnips, carrots, or mangold wurzel made and doled out daily in bad weather. In my experience rabbits prefer newly planted trees and shrubs to those established. I have even had the fronds of newly-planted Athyrium Filix-faeinina eaten, while other ferns have been untouched. There is one hint I may give your rabbit-preserving readers : certain breeds of wild rabbits are much more prone to bark trees than others. The barking of trees is an acquired propensity more common to north-country rabbits than others. I should advise the destruction of those rabbits whose propensity for shrubs is very marked, and try warren or common rabbits from the south of England ; but the best advice I can give is to have no rabbits at all. - J. S.
A correspondent who has given much attention to the subject (Sahnoniceps) gives the following, as among the most rabbit-proof of plants: - "Most of the Lily family are," he -ays, "rejected by them, including Daffodils, Tulips, Snowdrops, Snowflakes, Lilies, Day Lilies. Asphodels, and others, and they cannot be too extensively planted; but even in that tribe the Crocus (which is also named in the article in question) is greedily devoured. I gave - in an early number of your paper (see pp. 9 and 88, Vol. I.) - a list of all rabbit-proof trees, shrubs, and flowers then known to me, and I regret that, though keeping a watch upon the subject, I have not been aide to add a single species to the list given below."
Androsaemum officinale. Anemone coronaria. ,, japonica. Arabis.
Artemesia Abrotanum. Asphodelus albus. Aubrietia. Berberis Darwinii. Canterbury Bells. Cineraria maritima. Columbine.
Common and Irish Yews. Deutzia scabra. Dog's-tooth Violet. Elder. Euonymus. Fuchsia. Hibiscus syriacus.
Hollies.
Honesty (Lunaria).
Iris.
Ligustrum vulgare.
Lilies (common orange and white kinds). Lily of the Valley. Lycium barbarum. Mahonia Aquifolium. Monkshood. Muscari. Narcissus. Ornithogalum. Pansies. Periwinkle (large and small). Phlox, in var. Poppy.
Primrose, in var.
Ruscus aculeatus.
„ racemosu-. Scilla.
Solomon's Seal. Lonicera, in var. Stachys lanata. Symphoricarpus „ raeeinosus. Syringa persica.
„ vulgaris. Tritoma. Violets. Weigela rosea. Winter Aconite. Woodruff. Yucca gloriosa.
Lists, however, and considerations of the above sort, are a poor substitute for what is really required in such cases - the extermination of pests which are destructive alike to held crops, to trees and shrubs, and to plants, and which offer at best a very scanty return for the havoc they commit.


 
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