Elm (Figs. 236, 244) has a beauty of grain, especially on the tangential section, which is just beginning to be appreciated by joiners, though on account of its exceeding toughness and non-liability to split the wood has long been highly prized by car-, wagon-, and ship-builders, harness-makers, coopers, and turners. It is unexcelled for hubs.

Fig. 236. Transverse section of elm wood, 3/1.

Fig. 236.-Transverse section of elm wood, 3/1. (Hartig.)

Fig. 244. American Elm (Ulmus americana, Elm Family, Ulmaceoe). Leafy branch, 1/3. Flower cluster. Fruit cluster. Single fruit. (Britton and Brown.) Tree growing 36 m. tall; bark gray, flaky; leaves slightly rough; flowers greenish; fruit yellowish brown. Native home, Eastern North America.

Fig. 244.-American Elm (Ulmus americana, Elm Family, Ulmaceoe). Leafy branch, 1/3. Flower-cluster. Fruit-cluster. Single fruit. (Britton and Brown.)-Tree growing 36 m. tall; bark gray, flaky; leaves slightly rough; flowers greenish; fruit yellowish brown. Native home, Eastern North America.

Yellow locust (Fig. 182) closely resembles elm in its physical properties and is much used for many of the same purposes. It makes the best treenails (for fastening together the beams of vessels) and in this form is largely exported.