The strength of the various manipulations is a principal point in the massage treatment, and the "self-made" masseur will often unnecessarily bruise his patients. As a rule, begin with a moderate pressure, ascertaining from the patient his sensation. A new operator has often the fault of using too much pressure.

To avoid abrasions most all German and Scandinavian operators use some kind of oleaginous substance. Among preparations recommended we have used with advantage : White vaselin, glycerin, lanolin, lard, olive oil, arnica oil (in sprains or distortions), belladonna ointment (in neuritis), - the two latter only when recommended by physicians. Any of these preparations may be used, but I would caution operators against using too much glycerin, as it tends to irritate the skin. In America cocoa-nut-oil or cocoa-butter has been freely used.

Some physicians and patients object to using grease of any kind. It is not my intention to advise operators to use large quantities of fat, but just enough to make the manipulations smoothly. On very hairy persons it is absolutely necessary to use some kind of grease.

All grease must be well rubbed off the skin before leaving the patient.1 The operator should wash his hands before and after every treatment; if necessary, use some antiseptic.

Every part should be well covered after masseeing it.