Massage And The Original Swedish Movements | by Kurre W. Ostrom
Lectures before the Training Schools for Nurses connected with the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, German Hospital, Woman's Hospital, Philadelphia Lying-in Charity Hospital, the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, and the Kensington Hospital for Women, of Philadelphia.
| Title | Massage And The Original Swedish Movements |
| Author | Kurre W. Ostrom |
| Publisher | P. Blakiston's Son & Co |
| Year | 1902 |
| Copyright | 1902, P. Blakiston's Son & Co |
| Amazon | Massage and the Original Swedish Movements |
Massage And The Original Swedish Movements
Ostrom Massage And The Original Swedish Movements Their Application To Various Diseases Of The Body.
By Kurre W. Ostrom, From The Royal University Of Upsala, Sweden.
Fifth Edition, Revised And Enlarged, With One Hundred And Fifteen Illustrations.
Philadelphia P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
1012 Walnut Street 1902
Copyright, 1902, by P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
Preface To The Fifth E
Preface To The First Edition- As the tendency of modern therapeutics is to cure disease by the application of the laws of hygiene, the author feels that in presenting this little work to the medical profession, and to those especi...
- Introduction
- . Manual treatment for disease has to a certain extent existed since the creation. Man had, by instinct, acquired the art of manipulation long before nature yielded her secrets in medicine. This is st...
- Exercise In Therapeutics
- In walking or riding, or even in some of the ordinary occupations of life, it is true that a person takes a certain amount of exercise, but there is no method in such movements. It is easy to determi...
- 1. Effleurage (Stroking)
- This manipulation consists of centripetal (toward the body or heart) Strokings. It is performed in four different ways: (a) Stroking with the palm of one hand. (b) palms of both hands. (c) ...
- 2. Frictions (Friction)
- Are firm, circular manipulations, always followed by centripetal strokings. As a rule, they are performed over one group of muscles at a time. Friction is given in three different ways: (a) Friction...
- 3. Petrissage (Kneading)
- This manipulation is performed in such a manner as to cause a double centripetal pressure on a tissue (muscle or tendon), at the same time raising it up from its normal point of attachment. We have t...
- 4. Tapotement (Percussion)
- This manipulation is always performed by the operator's wrist, the hands striking qickly. We have four different kinds of Percussion: (a) Clapping (see Fig. 11), performed with the palms of the hands...
- Introductory Massage
- In many affections it is necessary to commence the operation of massage with what has been termed introductory treatment. In the majority of cases of both acute and chronic affections of the joints i...
- General Massage
- By general massage we mean the treatment applied to the whole body, with the exception of the head. The operator begins with the foot, stroking with one hand or kneading with the thumbs. Then he proc...
- Local Massage
- By local massage we mean the treatment applied to the different parts of the body at one time; for instance, massage of the shoulder. ...
- I. Massage Of The Leg
- Position The patient is lying or half-lying on a bed or couch. The operator sitting at his side performs the following manipulations : 1. Stroking of the foot, sole and dorsum; quick stroking with t...
- II. Massage Of The Arm
- Position The patient is sitting or lying, with the semiflexed arm supported, if convenient. The operator sits at the side. I. Stroking with one hand on the outside of the arm, from the wrist to the ...
- III. Massage Of The Chest
- Position The patient is lying flat on the back, without head-rest, and the arms placed at the sides. 1. Stroking with both hands, one on each side of the sternum. The manipulation should be performe...
- IV. Massage Of The Back
- Position The patient is lying on his face, without the head-rest; the arms should be kept at the sides. I. Stroking with both hands, one on each side of the spinal column, from the base of the skull...
- V. Massage Of The Glutei
- Position The patient is standing with the body bent forward and supported on a lounge or bedstead. The operator stands behind and performs: 1. Stroking with both hands from the spine outward, downwa...
- VI. Massage Of The Abdomen
- Position The patient is lying flat on his back, generally without head-rest, and with the knees drawn up, so as to relax the abdominal muscles. Fig. 16. - Stroking of the Glutei. (See Fig. 17.) ...
- VII. Massage Of The Liver
- Position The patient is lying half way turned over on his left side. The operator sits at his right side. 1. Friction with the palm of the hand in large circles covering gradually the entire organ. ...
- VIII. Massage Of The Spleen
- Position The patient should, of course, lie on his right side. This treatment is performed in a similar way as massage of the liver. ...
- IX. Massage Of The Stomach
- Several methods have been proposed to reach the ventricle by massage. They are all more or less dangerous, and we mention one of them only, for the completeness of the system. Position The patient i...
- X. Massage Of The Head
- Position The patient is sitting, comfortably supported. Fig. 20. - Stroking of the Forehead. 1. Stroking. - Beginning with the back of the head, keeping the left hand firmly on the forehead, and...
- XI. Massage Of The Face
- Position The patient is lying or sitting with the head comfortably supported. Tell him to relax the muscles of the head and neck. 1. Stroking with the two thumbs over the forehead, starting near by ...
- XII. Massage Of The Eye
- Position The patient sits, with the head leaning backward, the operator standing at his side. 1. The index finger is placed on his eyebrow, the middle finger grasping the eyelid, which is pressed, w...
- XIII. Massage Of The Throat
- Position The patient is sitting, in a somewhat reclining position. Stroke with two fingers on one side and the thumb on the other side of the trachea. Finish with similar stroking in connection with...
- XIV. Massage Of The Neck
- Position The patient faces the masseur (see Fig. 23) with the head thrown back, so as to expose the neck. The operator places his hands at the lobes of the ears and performs a stroking downward to th...
- XV. Massage Of The Nose
- Position The patient reclining. The forefinger of each hand of the operator is applied, with mild pressure, to each side of the nose of the patient. A stroking downward is slowly and carefully perfo...
- XVI. Massage Of The Ovaries
- Position The patient should be flat on her back without head-rest and the knees drawn up so as to completely relax the abdomen. 1. Stroking with both hands. The operator stands with her back to the ...
- XVII. Massage Of The Uterus
- Position The same as for massage of the abdomen. (See Fig. 17, page 37.) The external method is merely a modification of the massage of the abdomen. The patient must be in a half lying position, wit...
- Pressing And Shaking (Vibrations)
- Closely connected with the massage proper are the oscillatory movements,-which we call vibrations, - used principally upon the extremities and over some of the internal organs. We have two principal ...
- Details Of Treatment
- The strength of the various manipulations is a principal point in the massage treatment, and the self-made masseur will often unnecessarily bruise his patients. As a rule, begin with a moderate pres...
- Massage Must Always Be Applied On The Nude Skin
- The 'masseur who works outside the clothes, when acting upon special parts of the body, works in the dark, tires his fingers, and loses a principal feature in the application - the feeling, which is...
- Contraindications For Massage
- In several affections massage is most certainly contraindicated; and in many the treatment must be performed very carefully. The first important requisite is that the skin is not severely abraded. Co...
- Swedish Movements
- The Swedish Movements are a series of systematic exercises therapeutically applied to the human body. Every exercise the direction and the duration of which are fixed is a movement. That is the de...
- Positions
- Movements may be given or performed in many different positions of the body. It is necessary to have a commencing, intermediate and terminating position. Ling said that to render any movement definite...
- Derivative Positions From The Standing
- Position 1. With the Lower Extremities. Fig. 38. - Flex-Standing. Fig. 39. - Little Knee-bend. Fig. 40. - Walk-Standing. Fig. 41. - Side-Standing. Fig. 42. - Side-Flex-Standing. ...
- Derivative Positions From The Sitting
- Position 1. With the Lower Extremities. Fig. 58. - Long-Sitting. Fig. 59. - Half-Long-Sitting. Fig. 60. - Straddle-Sitting. Fig. 6i. - Short-Sitting. 2. With the Trunk. Fig. 62. ...
- Derivative Position From The Kneeling
- Position Fig. 63. - Side-Kneeling. ...
- Derivative Positions From The Lying
- Position See Fig. 17. Page 37. (Crook-Lying.) Fig. 64. - Sit-Lying. Fig. 65. - Crook-Half-Lying. The subdivisions of positions here mentioned have given rise to a difficult terminology, as i...
- Division Of Movements
- Ling and his pupils divided the movements into: 1. Single. 2. Double. The single movements they again subdivided into passive and active, and the double movements into concentric and excentric. Pa...
- The Various Movements
- 1. Rotation. 2. Flexion and Extension. 3. Separating and Closing. 4. Bending. 5. Raising. 6. Pulling. 7. Turning. 8. Depression and Elevation. ...
- 1. Rotation
- Rotation is a circular movement by which the different joints are brought into motion within their natural limits. I. Rotation of the Feet may be performed with the patient in a sitting or half-lying...
- 2. Flexion And Extension
- I. Foot. - The patient lying or sitting. The operator, grasping the ankle with one hand and the toes with the other, moves the foot up and down as far as the limits of the joint permit. Ten to eightee...
- 3. Separating And Closing
- I. Arms. - The patient sitting with arms extended. The operator, standing in front, grasps his wrists; the patient moves his arms out and in, the operator resisting. It is used for extending the chest...
- 4. Bending
- I. Head. - The patient, sitting or suspended, bends the head backward and forward eight to ten times. It is used to force the blood to the head in anemia of the brain, and to act upon the muscles of t...
- 5. Raising
- I. Leg. - The patient lying flat on his back. The operator grasps the heel underneath, one hand supporting the knee on top and raises the extended leg upward. Ten times. Fig. 86. This movement ma...
- 6. Pulling
- I. Leg. - The patient standing on a chair, with hands against the wall for support. (See Fig.91.) The operator, grasping the foot around the instep, carries the leg backward. Eight to fifteen times. ...
- 7. Turning
- I. Foot. - The patient sitting or lying. The operator puts one hand back of the ankle, the other grasping the toes and the front of the foot, and turns the foot from side to side. The movement is alwa...
- 8. Depression And Elevation
- I. Arms. - The patient sitting or lying. The patient raises his arms, the operator grasping the hands from behind. The operator presses the arms down, the patient resisting. The patient raises the arm...
- The Physiology Of The Movement Treatment
- The movement treatment is not shrouded in mystery, nor is a minute knowledge of anatomy or physiology necessary to understand its nature and comprehend its workings. Its physiology is very simple and ...
- Mechanical Action Of Muscles
- There is also a mechanical process that takes place in every kind of muscular work, for when the muscle contracts, its mass is condensed, and the soft parts near the muscle are exposed to a very stron...
- Application Of Massage And The Swedish Movements To Various Diseases Of The Body
- The movement treatment, being an invigorating remedy, is recommended principally for chronic diseases, where either the whole organism or only a part is weakened. The prescriptions of massage and mov...
- General Weakness
- Apply general massage. Follow with passive flexions and extensions, rotations and pressings. Finally give percussion of the back, if the patient's strength permits. The first treatments should last f...
- Anemia
- For this disease some authors recommend general massage of the whole body, others recommend a complete series of movements. A series of well-selected movements in connection with the general massage w...
- Hysteria
- For hysteria we use such manipulations as will act directly upon the peripheric nervous system. The general massage, followed by a few rotary movements of the extremities, is to be recommended. ...
- Chorea
- If the disease has advanced so far that the child has no control whatever over the limbs, place him on a couch or bed, one operator standing at the head, holding the arms, another standing at the feet...
- Plethora
- In this affection we use movements such as will attract the blood from the head and produce muscular activity. The most important part of our treatment is the massage of the neck and head. By the for...
- Insomnia
- There are certain movements which so affect the central or sympathetic nerve-system that they are called by some authors sleeping-movements. As a rule, the general active movements are sufficient. ...
- Apoplexy
- Experience shows that even old cases of paralysis are very often improved, and sometimes completely cured, by mechanotherapy. Its advantages consist in being able to work upon the entire nerve-system ...
- Tabes
- Apply massage of the back in connection with pressing. Massage of the abdomen, with pressing above the bladder and pressing and shaking of the extremities, are frequently used. Some authors recommend ...
- Neuralgia
- Diseases of the peripheric nerves are more successfully treated by mechanotherapy than are affections of the central nerve-system. Most neuralgias yield readily to massage, and in cases of sciatica it...
- Progressive Muscular Atrophy
- Use massage in the neighborhood of the affected muscles and upon them, and such movements as are calculated to increase circulation through the diseased parts. Suppose a case of atrophy in the deltoi...
- Writers' Cramp
- Use massage from the tips of the fingers to the shoulder. Rotation, turning, flexion, and extension of the hand and arm may be used as the patient grows stronger, but massage is the principal part of ...
- Affections Of The Respiratory Organs
- Respiration is altogether mechanical, depending upon the constitution of the muscles of the chest, the extension of the latter, and the quantity of air inspired. If the capacity of the lungs be increa...
- Catarrh Of The Lungs
- Certain manipulations (hacking, clapping, and shaking) on the chest have been used to induce expectoration. The movements must be such as to cause muscular activity and increase the secretion from the...
- Pharyngitis And Laryngitis
- Because massage of the neck and throat induces such an evacuation of the blood-vessels, it has been freely used for acute catarrh of the pharynx, trachea and nose. We are able by careful examination o...
- Consumption
- Some respiratory movements are used to make the patient more comfortable, increasing the inspiration and assisting the heart in its action. Massage of the lower extremities is sometimes applied to re...
- Bronchitis, Nervous Asthma, Etc
- Bronchitis, Nervous Asthma, Etc., Are frequently treated by massage, generally in the form of strokings of the entire chest, the patient inspiring deeply at the same time. The seance must not exceed t...
- Diseases Of The Heart
- Massage and movements are indicated in affections of the heart caused by nervous debility, anemia, diseases of the stomach, etc. The movements mostly used are : Sitting, raising of the chest, with sh...
- Diseases Of The Digestive Organs
- In applying mechanotherapy for these affections, we must call attention to the fact that most of them develop from circulatory disturbances, the vessels being relaxed. There are different ways to app...
- Dyspepsia
- 1. Massage of the stomach and the abdomen (fifteen minutes). 2. Percussion of the back. 3. High St. pulling of legs. 4. S. turning of body. 5. Flexion and extension of legs. 6. S. rotation of arm...
- Habitual Constipation
- Massage and movements are now freely used for constipation. The treatment must always be local in the beginning, and afterward constitutional. 1. Local massage (ten to twenty minutes). 2. St. bendin...
- Hemorrhoids
- Closely connected with the former disease is the accumulation of blood in the abdominal parts, called hemorrhoids. By the manipulations on the abdomen we assist the intestines in their action; by rot...
- Obesity
- Massage and Swedish movements have been used with great success in cases of obesity. Muscular exercise decreases the fat by promoting a more perfect oxygenation through the whole organism. In connect...
- Enlargement Of The Liver
- We use such movements as are calculated to increase the circulation through the great venous system. 1. S. rotation of arms. 2. L. rotation of feet. 3. S. raising of body. 4. L. rotation of legs. ...
- Diabetes
- Some authors report cases of diabetes successfully treated by mechanotherapy. Schreiber says : The best effects will ensue when the greatest number of muscles are brought into play. It is necessary t...
- Uterine Affections
- Massage is applied directly to force the organs to contract, and the movements to regulate the circulation through the abdomen. Atony and dislocations of the organ are generally treated by massage; di...
- Amenorrhea
- 1. S. rotation of arms. 2. Rotation of feet. 3. S. turning of body (inspiration). 4. S. rotation of body. 5. Beating of sacrum. 6. Vibrations. 7. Rotation of arms. 8. St. percussion of back. S...
- Dysmenorrhea
- 1. St. turning of body. 2. Rotation of feet. 3. Beating of sacrum. 4. S. raising of body. 5. Pulling of leg. 6. Separating and closing of knees. 7. Beating of sacrum. 8. St. percussion of back....
- Rheumatism
- The active movements, as well as hacking and beating of the affected parts, are of great benefit in cases of rheumatism. In severe attacks the treatment should be applied twice daily. The patient must...
- Lumbago
- The patient should lie on his face with the abdomen supported by pillows. The operator should perform firm strokings with both hands over the lumbar region, from the spinal column toward the sides. In...
- Stiff Neck
- This affection is somewhat similar to lumbago and has been treated with like success. Begin with massage over the sterno-cleido-mastoid and continue with pressing and shaking. A few (in the beginning ...
- Gout
- Between the attacks massage is often prescribed, especially for podagra. The treatment must be given for general activity of the muscles. 1. St. bending of knees. 2. St. bending backward (back suppo...
- Lateral Curvature Of The Spine
- There are few affections in which the movement treatment has met with more signal success than in this. The aim should be to invigorate and develop the weakened and pathologically changed muscles of t...
- Sprains
- In sprains it is necessary to begin with slight, careful introductory massage, in the form of centripetal stroking, the pain being very severe. The strength of the manipulation must not be increased u...
- Synovitis
- Massage is always indicated in cases of synovitis, so long as there is no purulent inflammation. The introductory massage, in the form of centripetal stroking, is to be used with great care. When the ...
- Fractures
- When the splints and dressings are removed from a fractured part there is always more or less stiffness in the unused joints. As a rule, the massage should not be used until there is a firm union of t...
- Deformities Of The Feet
- In cases of club-foot use massage on the foot and on the leg up to the knee. A few turnings and flexions are very beneficial. 1 I have often been called to apply massage to a broken limb to relieve t...
- Affections Of The Eye
- Massage is used for several chronic inflammations of the eye. By local massage we increase the circulation around the eye, and act directly upon the cornea. When we desire to see more clearly we rub t...
- Affections Of The Ear
- Some authors (Politzer, Eitelberg) recommend massage for certain affections of the ear, and in my practice I have often been able to relieve se\ pain, in cases of otitis, by massage only, in the form ...
- General Remarks
- I. It is rather difficult to fix the time for a massage treatment. Dr. Mezger works only a few minutes (five to twelve minutes), but I am satisfied that he accomplishes more in that time than many do ...
- Bibliography
- For the convenience of those who desire to study especially certain branches of mechano-therapeutics, I herewith give a list of some of the English literature on the subject. Althaus, J The Risks o...
- Preface To The First Edition
- As the tendency of modern therapeutics is to cure disease by the application of the laws of hygiene, the author feels that in presenting this little work to the medical profession, and to those especi...
- Introduction
- . Manual treatment for disease has to a certain extent existed since the creation. Man had, by instinct, acquired the art of manipulation long before nature yielded her secrets in medicine. This is st...
- Exercise In Therapeutics
- In walking or riding, or even in some of the ordinary occupations of life, it is true that a person takes a certain amount of exercise, but there is no method in such movements. It is easy to determi...
- 1. Effleurage (Stroking)
- This manipulation consists of centripetal (toward the body or heart) Strokings. It is performed in four different ways: (a) Stroking with the palm of one hand. (b) palms of both hands. (c) ...
- 2. Frictions (Friction)
- Are firm, circular manipulations, always followed by centripetal strokings. As a rule, they are performed over one group of muscles at a time. Friction is given in three different ways: (a) Friction...
- 3. Petrissage (Kneading)
- This manipulation is performed in such a manner as to cause a double centripetal pressure on a tissue (muscle or tendon), at the same time raising it up from its normal point of attachment. We have t...
- 4. Tapotement (Percussion)
- This manipulation is always performed by the operator's wrist, the hands striking qickly. We have four different kinds of Percussion: (a) Clapping (see Fig. 11), performed with the palms of the hands...
- Introductory Massage
- In many affections it is necessary to commence the operation of massage with what has been termed introductory treatment. In the majority of cases of both acute and chronic affections of the joints i...
- General Massage
- By general massage we mean the treatment applied to the whole body, with the exception of the head. The operator begins with the foot, stroking with one hand or kneading with the thumbs. Then he proc...
- Local Massage
- By local massage we mean the treatment applied to the different parts of the body at one time; for instance, massage of the shoulder. ...
- I. Massage Of The Leg
- Position The patient is lying or half-lying on a bed or couch. The operator sitting at his side performs the following manipulations : 1. Stroking of the foot, sole and dorsum; quick stroking with t...
- II. Massage Of The Arm
- Position The patient is sitting or lying, with the semiflexed arm supported, if convenient. The operator sits at the side. I. Stroking with one hand on the outside of the arm, from the wrist to the ...
- III. Massage Of The Chest
- Position The patient is lying flat on the back, without head-rest, and the arms placed at the sides. 1. Stroking with both hands, one on each side of the sternum. The manipulation should be performe...
- IV. Massage Of The Back
- Position The patient is lying on his face, without the head-rest; the arms should be kept at the sides. I. Stroking with both hands, one on each side of the spinal column, from the base of the skull...
- V. Massage Of The Glutei
- Position The patient is standing with the body bent forward and supported on a lounge or bedstead. The operator stands behind and performs: 1. Stroking with both hands from the spine outward, downwa...
- VI. Massage Of The Abdomen
- Position The patient is lying flat on his back, generally without head-rest, and with the knees drawn up, so as to relax the abdominal muscles. Fig. 16. - Stroking of the Glutei. (See Fig. 17.) ...
- VII. Massage Of The Liver
- Position The patient is lying half way turned over on his left side. The operator sits at his right side. 1. Friction with the palm of the hand in large circles covering gradually the entire organ. ...
- VIII. Massage Of The Spleen
- Position The patient should, of course, lie on his right side. This treatment is performed in a similar way as massage of the liver. ...
- IX. Massage Of The Stomach
- Several methods have been proposed to reach the ventricle by massage. They are all more or less dangerous, and we mention one of them only, for the completeness of the system. Position The patient i...
- X. Massage Of The Head
- Position The patient is sitting, comfortably supported. Fig. 20. - Stroking of the Forehead. 1. Stroking. - Beginning with the back of the head, keeping the left hand firmly on the forehead, and...
- XI. Massage Of The Face
- Position The patient is lying or sitting with the head comfortably supported. Tell him to relax the muscles of the head and neck. 1. Stroking with the two thumbs over the forehead, starting near by ...
- XII. Massage Of The Eye
- Position The patient sits, with the head leaning backward, the operator standing at his side. 1. The index finger is placed on his eyebrow, the middle finger grasping the eyelid, which is pressed, w...
- XIII. Massage Of The Throat
- Position The patient is sitting, in a somewhat reclining position. Stroke with two fingers on one side and the thumb on the other side of the trachea. Finish with similar stroking in connection with...
- XIV. Massage Of The Neck
- Position The patient faces the masseur (see Fig. 23) with the head thrown back, so as to expose the neck. The operator places his hands at the lobes of the ears and performs a stroking downward to th...
- XV. Massage Of The Nose
- Position The patient reclining. The forefinger of each hand of the operator is applied, with mild pressure, to each side of the nose of the patient. A stroking downward is slowly and carefully perfo...
- XVI. Massage Of The Ovaries
- Position The patient should be flat on her back without head-rest and the knees drawn up so as to completely relax the abdomen. 1. Stroking with both hands. The operator stands with her back to the ...
- XVII. Massage Of The Uterus
- Position The same as for massage of the abdomen. (See Fig. 17, page 37.) The external method is merely a modification of the massage of the abdomen. The patient must be in a half lying position, wit...
- Pressing And Shaking (Vibrations)
- Closely connected with the massage proper are the oscillatory movements,-which we call vibrations, - used principally upon the extremities and over some of the internal organs. We have two principal ...
- Details Of Treatment
- The strength of the various manipulations is a principal point in the massage treatment, and the self-made masseur will often unnecessarily bruise his patients. As a rule, begin with a moderate pres...
- Massage Must Always Be Applied On The Nude Skin
- The 'masseur who works outside the clothes, when acting upon special parts of the body, works in the dark, tires his fingers, and loses a principal feature in the application - the feeling, which is...
- Contraindications For Massage
- In several affections massage is most certainly contraindicated; and in many the treatment must be performed very carefully. The first important requisite is that the skin is not severely abraded. Co...
- Swedish Movements
- The Swedish Movements are a series of systematic exercises therapeutically applied to the human body. Every exercise the direction and the duration of which are fixed is a movement. That is the de...
- Positions
- Movements may be given or performed in many different positions of the body. It is necessary to have a commencing, intermediate and terminating position. Ling said that to render any movement definite...
- Derivative Positions From The Standing
- Position 1. With the Lower Extremities. Fig. 38. - Flex-Standing. Fig. 39. - Little Knee-bend. Fig. 40. - Walk-Standing. Fig. 41. - Side-Standing. Fig. 42. - Side-Flex-Standing. ...
- Derivative Positions From The Sitting
- Position 1. With the Lower Extremities. Fig. 58. - Long-Sitting. Fig. 59. - Half-Long-Sitting. Fig. 60. - Straddle-Sitting. Fig. 6i. - Short-Sitting. 2. With the Trunk. Fig. 62. ...
- Derivative Position From The Kneeling
- Position Fig. 63. - Side-Kneeling. ...
- Derivative Positions From The Lying
- Position See Fig. 17. Page 37. (Crook-Lying.) Fig. 64. - Sit-Lying. Fig. 65. - Crook-Half-Lying. The subdivisions of positions here mentioned have given rise to a difficult terminology, as i...
- Division Of Movements
- Ling and his pupils divided the movements into: 1. Single. 2. Double. The single movements they again subdivided into passive and active, and the double movements into concentric and excentric. Pa...
- The Various Movements
- 1. Rotation. 2. Flexion and Extension. 3. Separating and Closing. 4. Bending. 5. Raising. 6. Pulling. 7. Turning. 8. Depression and Elevation. ...
- 1. Rotation
- Rotation is a circular movement by which the different joints are brought into motion within their natural limits. I. Rotation of the Feet may be performed with the patient in a sitting or half-lying...
- 2. Flexion And Extension
- I. Foot. - The patient lying or sitting. The operator, grasping the ankle with one hand and the toes with the other, moves the foot up and down as far as the limits of the joint permit. Ten to eightee...
- 3. Separating And Closing
- I. Arms. - The patient sitting with arms extended. The operator, standing in front, grasps his wrists; the patient moves his arms out and in, the operator resisting. It is used for extending the chest...
- 4. Bending
- I. Head. - The patient, sitting or suspended, bends the head backward and forward eight to ten times. It is used to force the blood to the head in anemia of the brain, and to act upon the muscles of t...
- 5. Raising
- I. Leg. - The patient lying flat on his back. The operator grasps the heel underneath, one hand supporting the knee on top and raises the extended leg upward. Ten times. Fig. 86. This movement ma...
- 6. Pulling
- I. Leg. - The patient standing on a chair, with hands against the wall for support. (See Fig.91.) The operator, grasping the foot around the instep, carries the leg backward. Eight to fifteen times. ...
- 7. Turning
- I. Foot. - The patient sitting or lying. The operator puts one hand back of the ankle, the other grasping the toes and the front of the foot, and turns the foot from side to side. The movement is alwa...
- 8. Depression And Elevation
- I. Arms. - The patient sitting or lying. The patient raises his arms, the operator grasping the hands from behind. The operator presses the arms down, the patient resisting. The patient raises the arm...
- The Physiology Of The Movement Treatment
- The movement treatment is not shrouded in mystery, nor is a minute knowledge of anatomy or physiology necessary to understand its nature and comprehend its workings. Its physiology is very simple and ...
- Mechanical Action Of Muscles
- There is also a mechanical process that takes place in every kind of muscular work, for when the muscle contracts, its mass is condensed, and the soft parts near the muscle are exposed to a very stron...
- Application Of Massage And The Swedish Movements To Various Diseases Of The Body
- The movement treatment, being an invigorating remedy, is recommended principally for chronic diseases, where either the whole organism or only a part is weakened. The prescriptions of massage and mov...
- General Weakness
- Apply general massage. Follow with passive flexions and extensions, rotations and pressings. Finally give percussion of the back, if the patient's strength permits. The first treatments should last f...
- Anemia
- For this disease some authors recommend general massage of the whole body, others recommend a complete series of movements. A series of well-selected movements in connection with the general massage w...
- Hysteria
- For hysteria we use such manipulations as will act directly upon the peripheric nervous system. The general massage, followed by a few rotary movements of the extremities, is to be recommended. ...
- Chorea
- If the disease has advanced so far that the child has no control whatever over the limbs, place him on a couch or bed, one operator standing at the head, holding the arms, another standing at the feet...
- Plethora
- In this affection we use movements such as will attract the blood from the head and produce muscular activity. The most important part of our treatment is the massage of the neck and head. By the for...
- Insomnia
- There are certain movements which so affect the central or sympathetic nerve-system that they are called by some authors sleeping-movements. As a rule, the general active movements are sufficient. ...
- Apoplexy
- Experience shows that even old cases of paralysis are very often improved, and sometimes completely cured, by mechanotherapy. Its advantages consist in being able to work upon the entire nerve-system ...
- Tabes
- Apply massage of the back in connection with pressing. Massage of the abdomen, with pressing above the bladder and pressing and shaking of the extremities, are frequently used. Some authors recommend ...
- Neuralgia
- Diseases of the peripheric nerves are more successfully treated by mechanotherapy than are affections of the central nerve-system. Most neuralgias yield readily to massage, and in cases of sciatica it...
- Progressive Muscular Atrophy
- Use massage in the neighborhood of the affected muscles and upon them, and such movements as are calculated to increase circulation through the diseased parts. Suppose a case of atrophy in the deltoi...
- Writers' Cramp
- Use massage from the tips of the fingers to the shoulder. Rotation, turning, flexion, and extension of the hand and arm may be used as the patient grows stronger, but massage is the principal part of ...
- Affections Of The Respiratory Organs
- Respiration is altogether mechanical, depending upon the constitution of the muscles of the chest, the extension of the latter, and the quantity of air inspired. If the capacity of the lungs be increa...
- Catarrh Of The Lungs
- Certain manipulations (hacking, clapping, and shaking) on the chest have been used to induce expectoration. The movements must be such as to cause muscular activity and increase the secretion from the...
- Pharyngitis And Laryngitis
- Because massage of the neck and throat induces such an evacuation of the blood-vessels, it has been freely used for acute catarrh of the pharynx, trachea and nose. We are able by careful examination o...
- Consumption
- Some respiratory movements are used to make the patient more comfortable, increasing the inspiration and assisting the heart in its action. Massage of the lower extremities is sometimes applied to re...
- Bronchitis, Nervous Asthma, Etc
- Bronchitis, Nervous Asthma, Etc., Are frequently treated by massage, generally in the form of strokings of the entire chest, the patient inspiring deeply at the same time. The seance must not exceed t...
- Diseases Of The Heart
- Massage and movements are indicated in affections of the heart caused by nervous debility, anemia, diseases of the stomach, etc. The movements mostly used are : Sitting, raising of the chest, with sh...
- Diseases Of The Digestive Organs
- In applying mechanotherapy for these affections, we must call attention to the fact that most of them develop from circulatory disturbances, the vessels being relaxed. There are different ways to app...
- Dyspepsia
- 1. Massage of the stomach and the abdomen (fifteen minutes). 2. Percussion of the back. 3. High St. pulling of legs. 4. S. turning of body. 5. Flexion and extension of legs. 6. S. rotation of arm...
- Habitual Constipation
- Massage and movements are now freely used for constipation. The treatment must always be local in the beginning, and afterward constitutional. 1. Local massage (ten to twenty minutes). 2. St. bendin...
- Hemorrhoids
- Closely connected with the former disease is the accumulation of blood in the abdominal parts, called hemorrhoids. By the manipulations on the abdomen we assist the intestines in their action; by rot...
- Obesity
- Massage and Swedish movements have been used with great success in cases of obesity. Muscular exercise decreases the fat by promoting a more perfect oxygenation through the whole organism. In connect...
- Enlargement Of The Liver
- We use such movements as are calculated to increase the circulation through the great venous system. 1. S. rotation of arms. 2. L. rotation of feet. 3. S. raising of body. 4. L. rotation of legs. ...
- Diabetes
- Some authors report cases of diabetes successfully treated by mechanotherapy. Schreiber says : The best effects will ensue when the greatest number of muscles are brought into play. It is necessary t...
- Uterine Affections
- Massage is applied directly to force the organs to contract, and the movements to regulate the circulation through the abdomen. Atony and dislocations of the organ are generally treated by massage; di...
- Amenorrhea
- 1. S. rotation of arms. 2. Rotation of feet. 3. S. turning of body (inspiration). 4. S. rotation of body. 5. Beating of sacrum. 6. Vibrations. 7. Rotation of arms. 8. St. percussion of back. S...
- Dysmenorrhea
- 1. St. turning of body. 2. Rotation of feet. 3. Beating of sacrum. 4. S. raising of body. 5. Pulling of leg. 6. Separating and closing of knees. 7. Beating of sacrum. 8. St. percussion of back....
- Rheumatism
- The active movements, as well as hacking and beating of the affected parts, are of great benefit in cases of rheumatism. In severe attacks the treatment should be applied twice daily. The patient must...
- Lumbago
- The patient should lie on his face with the abdomen supported by pillows. The operator should perform firm strokings with both hands over the lumbar region, from the spinal column toward the sides. In...
- Stiff Neck
- This affection is somewhat similar to lumbago and has been treated with like success. Begin with massage over the sterno-cleido-mastoid and continue with pressing and shaking. A few (in the beginning ...
- Gout
- Between the attacks massage is often prescribed, especially for podagra. The treatment must be given for general activity of the muscles. 1. St. bending of knees. 2. St. bending backward (back suppo...
- Lateral Curvature Of The Spine
- There are few affections in which the movement treatment has met with more signal success than in this. The aim should be to invigorate and develop the weakened and pathologically changed muscles of t...
- Sprains
- In sprains it is necessary to begin with slight, careful introductory massage, in the form of centripetal stroking, the pain being very severe. The strength of the manipulation must not be increased u...
- Synovitis
- Massage is always indicated in cases of synovitis, so long as there is no purulent inflammation. The introductory massage, in the form of centripetal stroking, is to be used with great care. When the ...
- Fractures
- When the splints and dressings are removed from a fractured part there is always more or less stiffness in the unused joints. As a rule, the massage should not be used until there is a firm union of t...
- Deformities Of The Feet
- In cases of club-foot use massage on the foot and on the leg up to the knee. A few turnings and flexions are very beneficial. 1 I have often been called to apply massage to a broken limb to relieve t...
- Affections Of The Eye
- Massage is used for several chronic inflammations of the eye. By local massage we increase the circulation around the eye, and act directly upon the cornea. When we desire to see more clearly we rub t...
- Affections Of The Ear
- Some authors (Politzer, Eitelberg) recommend massage for certain affections of the ear, and in my practice I have often been able to relieve se\ pain, in cases of otitis, by massage only, in the form ...
- General Remarks
- I. It is rather difficult to fix the time for a massage treatment. Dr. Mezger works only a few minutes (five to twelve minutes), but I am satisfied that he accomplishes more in that time than many do ...
- Bibliography
- For the convenience of those who desire to study especially certain branches of mechano-therapeutics, I herewith give a list of some of the English literature on the subject. Althaus, J The Risks o...
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