Under this head we consider lipoma, the formation of an anomalous, serous, and fibro-serous tissue, fibrous and fibro-cartilaginous tissue, calcareous concretions, erectile tissue, tubercle, and scirrhus.

a. Lipoma occurs of various size in the shape of lobulated accumulations of fat in the submucous cellular tissue. It forms rounded tumors which are invested by mucous membrane, project into the intestinal canal, and are sessile, or pediculated: in the latter case they push the mucous membrane before them in the course of their development, and become suspended by a pedicle of mucous membrane. Although presenting a polypoid shape, they must be carefully distinguished from true polypus.

b. Anomalous serous and fibro-serous tissue occurs as a temporary or permanent substitute of loss of tissue in the mucous membrane, and in very rare cases in the shape of serous and fibro-serous cysts between the intestinal coats.

c. Fibrous and fibrocartilaginous tissue is found in the submucous cellular tissue of the stomach, and less frequently, of the oesophagus; it assumes the shape of the rounded or oval, flattened concretions; of a bluish-white color, and elastic and firm consistence, which we have described above. They do not attain a greater size than that of a lentil or pea, and are freely movable under the mucous membrane.

d. Chalky concretions more or less resembling bone, though destitute of its peculiar organization (so-called ossifications), occur very rarely in the intestinal canal. If we sum up the results of the observations made in reference to this point, taken in connection with our incidental remarks when considering the diseases of the peritoneum, we arrive at the following deductions: a. The concretions occur as lamellae or delicate cords in the serofibrous tissue which is formed supplementary to a loss of mucous tissue;

/B. As ossification of the fibroid tissue occurring in the submucous and subserous cellular layers; y. As a loose chalky concretion or indurated calcareous pus between the intestinal coats in sinuses accompanying catarrhal intestinal phthisis;

8. As calcareous tubercle of the intestinal mucous membrane or the peritoneum; e. As ossification of peritoneal exudation on the intestine.

e. Erectile tissue occurs as a pediculated polypus (mucous or cellular polypus), or in the shape of large, broad, sessile tumors, chiefly as a consequence of catarrh in the colon and rectum. It may in this case also be the seat of medullary carcinomatous infiltration.