These resemble normal textures, at least in their elementary composition, - and very frequently in the (secondary) arrangement of their form-elements. Where they appear amorphous, the character of the blastema attaches to such amorphous growths. They are occasionally united with unorganized new formations, and that commonly in a consecutive manner, the latter supervening upon the new growth, as in the instance of so-termed ossification in the shape of concretion or incrustation.

New growths present great and important differences in relation not alone to the form-elements - especially cell and fibre, - but also to the secondary arrangement of these elements into a texture.

Nor do they differ less widely and essentially as to origin and development. In this respect they often, it is true, follow the laws of cell-formation - cytoblastema, elementary granule, nucleus, cell, fibre. The field, however, is equally extensive of fibrillation out of nuclei and granules, and especially that of the independent development of fibre directly out of solid blastemata, intercellular substance, primitive structureless membrane, and membranaceous coagula. Compare, with reference to this and to what next follows, Blastemata.

With reference to the grade of development attained by their elements, new growths are classed, if such a classification be feasible, considering the variety of elementary bases coexisting in a single growth, and the want of uniformity in their ulterior development, as follows:

1. Such as exist in the condition of formless liquid, or at that phase of coagulation - the consolidating blastema. They are susceptible of further development, or they abide at this stage, many ultimately breaking up. They comprise some very malignant new growths - for example, tubercle.

2. Such as attain to nucleus and cell-formation only, - perhaps to fibre or caudate cells. They consist of isolated cells within a fluid, semifluid, intercellular substance (pus; colloid, encephaloid substance); or, again, the cells are imbedded in a paucity of firmer, amorphous intercellular substance, which acts as a bond-mass. Along with them are numerous nuclei and elementary granules - embryonic formations readily broken up. Some of the most malignant new growths are thus constituted.

3. Such as have their texture represented by fibres of different kinds, variously arranged, and arising out of cells, nuclei, elementary granules, or directly out of blastema. To this class belong many quite benign, and a few eminently malignant formations: for example, fibrous cancer.

4. New growths, which, in their full development, consist of fibres, cells, nuclei, blastema, although the disposition and the mode of development of these elements may greatly vary. They include new formations, both benign and the reverse. The progressive development of the form-elements is accompanied by a succession of chemical changes. Under every mode of development the reactions vary with every phase, from the primitive blastema to the completion of a texture, the difference between the perfect texture and the primitive blastema being very marked indeed.

With reference to the development of bloodvessels, new growths are either vascular or non-vascular. The former present every gradation, from poverty in bloodvessels to luxuriant vascularity. Nor does the n,umber of its bloodvessels stand in any direct relation either to the bulk or volume of the new growth, or to the stage of its development in other respects. Accordingly, there are, on the one side, new formations of very considerable magnitude, which, devoid of all bloodvessels, vegetate freely in the cavities of the body - for example, the frequent fibroid concretions in serous cavities, certain cancers, etc. On the other side, there are blastems in which blood and bloodvessel-formation so predominate that the new growth consists of little else. (See Pathological Bloodvessel-Formation. )

With reference to their state of aggregation, new formations are either fluid or semifluid, - for example, the plasma containing dropsical fluids, pus, ichor, encephaloid fluid,- colloid, the gelatinous substance of col-lonema, of areolar cancer, etc, or they are solid.

Not long since there existed a classification of new growths, which, though not altogether available, is nevertheless deserving of mention - namely, their division into homoeoplasiai and heteroplasice. The former (according to the earlier views of Meckel) are repetitions or imitations of normal textures, the latter alien to the normal composition of the organs and textures. With respect to this division, it is to be observed, that:

(a.) The chief argument against the assumption of heteroplasise is afforded in the evidence recently obtained, that all new growths essentially imitate normal formations, not alone in their origin, development, and growth, but also in their chemical composition.

(b.) Even the secondary arrangement of their textural elements, that is, their coarser texture, very frequently offers analogies with normal textures. Finally, their general aspect exhibits to the naked eye analogies which formerly served for the basis of certain classifications and denominations. Take for example the comparisons with various glandular structures made by Abernethy and others.

(c.) It might appear from the above, that homceoplasise alone existed. Still, in many heterologous formations the external aspect, the structure, and even the textural elements, especially cell and fibre, differ, not only in themselves, but in the progress of their development and in their chemical composition, so materially from the normal type, that the existence of heteroplasise cannot be altogether rejected. As regards the relation of new growths to normal texture, it should be stated that,

1. The heterologous formation lodges more or less uniformly between the elementary parts of a texture, the latter becoming infiltrated. The mass (and commonly the volume also) of the organ increases -;false hypertrophy.