On account of the double blood-supply in the liver necrosis seldom occurs. In a case of rupture of the liver, however, in which fissures cut off the blood-supply from a wedge-shaped piece, the author observed the appearance of the pale infarction. The tissue both in naked-eye and microscopic characters showed the appearances of coagulation-necrosis. There is also necrosis in connection with the pysemic abscess.

2. Atrophy

The hepatic parenchyma is very liable to atrophy. We have a General atrophy in cases of emaciation and inanition, and also as a senile phenomenon. In these cases the liver is small in size and deep in colour.

Local atrophy of the liver is usually the result of pressure, as by tumours growing in the liver, by dilated capillaries, by the swollen capillaries in amyloid disease, or otherwise. Indeed the hepatic cells seem very readily to give way before pressure, so that, for example, one often sees in the neighbourhood of a growing cancer the hepatic cells flattened out concentrically and atrophied.