The arteries of the stomach originate from the coe-liac axis, the left coronary artery being a direct branch of this vessel, and the right a branch of the hepatic artery. These supply the smaller curvature and form the superior ventricular arch. The greater curvature is supplied by the right inferior coronary artery, being a branch of the hepatic artery, and by the left inferior coronary artery, which is a branch of the splenic artery; they both form the inferior ventricular arch. All these vessels reach the stomach between the folds of the peritoneum. After ramifying between the several coats and supplying them with blood (especially giving off a number of capillaries to the muscular coat), and after dividing into very small vessels in the submucous areolar tunic, their ultimate arterial branches enter the mucous membrane and ramifying freely pass between the tubuli, where they form a plexus of fine capillaries upon the walls of the tubules and also around the mouths of the glands.

The veins arise from the capillary network and pursue an almost straight course through the mucous membrane between the glands. After piercing the muscularis mucosae and forming a wide plexus in the submucous tissue, they return the residual blood into the splenic and superior mesenteric veins and also directly into the portal vein.

The lymphatics of the gastric mucosa extend, as first shown by Loven, directly to the surface of the mucosa. They form a dense network of lacunar spaces situated between and among the gland tubuli, which, as well as the blood-vessels in many parts, they enclose with sinus-like dilatations. Near the surface of the membrane, the lymph is collected into vessels which form loops or possess dilated extremities. These vessels are less superficial than the blood capillaries, although the lacunar spaces extend as far as the basement membrane of the surface.

The nerves originate from the abdominal part of the vagus, forming the interior gastric plexus at the cardia. The vagus here extends over the whole anterior surface of the fundus. The right branch of the vagus supplies with only one-third of its fibres the stomach wall, especially the posterior wall, whereas two-thirds supply the other abdominal organs. The branches of the sympathetic nerve coming from the cceliac plexus enter into many ramifications with the vagus. These nerves, with a number of small ganglia, form a network in the submucosa.