In hypnosis the hypnotist controls action of the subject which is habitual, by determining the initial neurosis. This is determined by determining the idea that arouses the initial neurosis. So far as the hypnotist controls the idea that arouses the initial neurosis the control is true hypnotic control - is exercised by determining to this extent the psychosis of the subject.

Impulsive action is with consciousness. It arises from idea. So far as it comes without idea, it is reflex. The idea arousing it is original, or spontaneous. That is, it depends upon the nature of the organism - upon the neuroses that spontaneously or naturally follow stimulation and the psychoses that spontaneously or naturally follow the neuroses, and is without reflection - without the influence of other ideas that might rise upon reflection. The idea is so intense - excites neurosis so prompt and intense - that the connected neuroses follow so promptly and vigorously as to leave no time or energy for inhibiting ideas or counteracting neuroses.

In hypnosis the hypnotist controls the impulsive action of the subject by determining the initial neurosis. This is determined by determining the idea that excites the initial neurosis. The action will follow according to the temperament and habits of the subject. The control is hypnotic control so far as it governs the idea that arouses the initial neurosis.

Voluntary action is personally controlled action. It is intentional, or willed, action. This distinguishes action that is truly - actively - voluntary from that which is sometimes called voluntary but is only passively voluntary - that is, is permitted, not willed or controlled by the actor.

Voluntary action is determined by idea. The purpose to be accomplished is an idea to be realized, and is the idea that determines the action. According to the idea, the actor governs the neuroses that produce the intended action, by stimulation, direction and inhibition - by exciting the appropriate neuroses.

In hypnosis the hypnotist controls the voluntary action of the subject by determining his idea - his purpose. When he determines this idea, he "touches the button," so to speak, and the actor does the rest, with the usual machinery and in the usual way, as if he had himself determined the idea, or initial neurosis.

Voluntary action includes voluntary psychosis - personally determined or controlled states of consciousness and mental processes. To control psychoses, the neuroses producing these psychoses must be controlled. But there must be an initial, or original, neurosis back of, or under, or preceding, all, such as cannot be controlled, or personally determined. There is no neurosis more original or primary with which to control it. Without such primary neurosis there is no starting point. This original neurosis is according to the nature of the organism - that is, it is determined by the stimulus afforded by the environment. It is, or furnishes, the psychosis constituting the idea that is the controlling factor in all voluntary action and voluntary psychosis. This idea being produced, the rest follows. If the idea is sufficiently "strong" it will control the neuroses. It will be "strong" in proportion to its exclusiveness, and this will be according to the degree of attention it obtains or creates. If it is wholly exclusive - monopolizes the attention - it will control all neuroses absolutely that are, strictly speaking, under control at all - those directly producing psychoses and those that indirectly produce action through psychosis.

In hypnosis the hypnotist has control of the ideas of the subject. The characteristic of hypnosis is that it gives the hypnotist this control, and so gives him control of the psychoses, and so of the voluntary actions, of the subject. Hypnosis gives the hypnotist control of the attention of the subject. Control of attention will give control of ideas, with all of the consequences of such domination, as well out of hypnosis as in it, or with it. In hypnotic control, the law of psychosis and action operates as usual. The one characteristic condition is not unnatural but simply unusual.

The fundamental principle of hypnotic, or extra-personal, control, is that attention may be so concentrated that stimulus does not produce neurosis, or neurosis does not produce psychosis. Either cerebral centers are so preoccupied, so to speak, that stimulus cannot find entrance, or energy is so monopolized that neurosis does not occur. Instances, or proofs, of the fact that attention determines psychosis in this way are numerous, but cannot be cited here.

Revery, abstraction, dreaming, somnambulism, certain species of insanity, are all to some extent explained by the law of control of psychosis and action through idea, through attention, and illustrate and confirm the proposition that hypnotic control is control of psychosis through idea, through attention.

The control of the sensations of the subject by the hypnotist in hypnosis, is, as in the case of control of action, through ideas or the imagination. Psychosis produces or modifies neurosis. Ideas, or imagination, determine, to some extent at least, the psychic result of stimulus upon sensory terminals, or end organs. This must be through the effect of the psychosis upon the sensory terminals, or end organs, or upon the neurosis of the cerebral center reacting upon the excitation of sensory terminal, or end