Period Of Isolation Of Persons Infected With These Diseases

Diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, small-pox, 40 days; chicken-pox and mumps, 25 days. These periods count from the inception of the disease, including the period of incubation. Before pronouncing the isolation over, the patient should be bathed.

Respiration

Two months to two years ......................

35

per

minute

Two to six years....................................

23

,,

,,

Six to twelve years..............................

20

,,

,,

Twelve to fifteen years.............................

18

,,

,,

Fifteen to twenty-one years 16 to..........

18

,,

,,

Respiration and pulsation in the adult female is usually a trifle faster than in the male, especially during pregnancy.

Chemical Examination

The specimen to be examined should be collected in a perfectly clean receptacle; and examined with reference to - 1, its general appearance; 2, its color; 3, the quantity passed in twenty-four hours; 4, the reaction; 5, its specific gravity; 6, the presence or abseuce of albumen; 7, the presence or absence of sugar.

Reaction

The reaction of urine is usually ascertained by means of litmus paper. If acid, it reddens blue litmus paper, and if alkaline, it renders red litmus paper blue.

Healthy urine is usually highly acid when first passed, but, after standing for a certain time, all urine becomes alkaline. The urine is abnormally acid in febrile and inflammatory affections, especially of the heart, lungs and liver, and is usually strongly alkaline in some diseases of the genitourinary organs, and in affections of the brain and spinal cord. The degree of acidity, even in health, is not always equal, and is much influenced by digestion. If no food has been taken for hours the discharge is highly acid, while that passed just after a meal, during the process of digestion, is but faintly so, and may be neutral or even alkaline.

Specific Gravity

Specific gravity of healthy urine ranges between 1.012 and 1030, the average being about 1.020; it is highest soon after eating, and lowest after large quantities of fluid have been taken.

The most convenient method for estimating the specific gravity is by means of the urinometer, consisting of a blown glass float, terminating inferiorly in a small bulb containing mercury, and superiorly in a stem which is graduated. The average specific gravity of urine is increased or diminished in disease. It is highest in diabetes and lowest in hysteria. When abnormally low, some exhausting non-inflammatory complaint, such as Bright's disease, is to be suspected, unless large quantities of fluid, such as water or beer, have been recently taken.