1. North America.

Bladon Springs, Choctaw County, Alabama. A rolling, pine-woods region.

They contain carbonate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbonic-acid gas, sul-phureted hydrogen (traces), and chlorine.

Congress Springs, Santa Clara County, California. In the Coast Range of mountains.

They contain carbonate of soda (15·418 grains to the pint?), carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, chloride of sodium (14·894 grains to the pint), sulphate of soda, etc. They are highly charged with carbonic-acid gas.

California Seltzer Springs, Mendocino County, California.

They contain carbonate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, carbonate of iron (a trace), and chloride of sodium. They are also highly charged with carbonic-acid gas.

Perry Springs, Pike County, Illinois.

They contain carbonate of potassa, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sulphate of soda, silicates of soda and potassa. Temperature of the water is from 48° to 50° Fahr.

St. Louis Spring, Gratiot County, Michigan.

This water contains carbonate of soda (7·684 grains to the pint), carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime (5·019 grains to a pint), sulphate of lime (6·925 grains to a pint), silicate of lime, and silica. This is one of the so-called "magnetic springs"— the magnetic property being due not to the water, but produced by the magnetization with terrestrial currents of the vertical iron tube through which the water flows. It is unfortunate that this part of the peninsula of Michigan, in which the numerous alkaline and saline springs abound, is very decidedly malarious.

Buffalo Lithia Spring, of Virginia. Contains well-defined traces of lithia, and is alkaline. This has been used with great advantage in gouty, rheumatic, and renal affections.

The Hot Springs, Bath County, Virginia, contain carbonates of lime and magnesia, sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda, and chlorides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. The temperature of the water ranges from 100° to 106° Fahr.

The Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia, have a composition similar to the hot springs, but the temperature of the water is somewhat less. At these springs, extensive bathing-pools have been constructed. The best results have been obtained from the bathing, conjoined with the internal use of the water.

Berkeley Springs are also situated in Bath County. The waters are alkaline, of a constant temperature of 72° to 74° Fahr., and are employed by bath and internally.

Rockbridge Baths, Rockbridge County, Virginia. A mountainous region.

They contain magnesia and iron, with a small quantity of iodine. Temperature, 74° Fahr. Used chiefly in the form of baths.

Capon Springs, Hampshire County, West Virginia.

This water contains carbonate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, and traces of iodine and bromine. The temperature of the water is 66° Fahr. These springs are situated in a romantic mountain-region.

Besides the above, there are numerous weakly-alkaline waters, such as Bethesda and others of the Waukesha region of Wisconsin, in Southern Michigan, and in many parts of the United States. It is impossible to mention all of them, and especially to set forth the rather pretentious claims, or recognize the apocryphal cures, so persistently and profusely published by their owners. Unquestionably good results have been wrought by these waters. Besides the positive there are negative virtues in these numerous mineral springs: they take the place of the indiscriminate drug administration which is one of the evils of the time.

2. European

Vichy, Central France.

There are several springs

Grande Grille, Puits Carré, Hópital, Celestins, De Mesdames, and others. The waters contain carbonates of soda, of potassa, magnesia, and lime, sulphate of soda and chloride of sodium, phosphate of soda, arseniate of soda (a trace), carbonates of strontia and iron. The gas, which is abundant, is carbonic acid.

In the Vichy region there are numerous alkaline springs having similar properties. The temperature of the waters varies from 58° Fahr. (Celestins) to 178° Fahr. (Chaudes Aigues).

Mont Doré, valley of the Dordogne, France.

The waters are weak alkaline, and have a temperature from 90° to 104° Fahr. Their principal constituent is carbonate of soda. These springs lie among the volcanic mountains of Auvergne, at an elevation of 3,300 feet.

Vals, Ardéche, France.

The waters of these cold springs are remarkable for the quantity of carbonate of soda which they contain. They are abundantly charged with carbonic-acid gas.

Ems, on the Lahn, Germany.

These waters contain, according to the analysis of Fresenius, 14 to 15 parts of bicarbonate of soda, 7 parts of chloride of sodium, and 1·7 part each of bicarbonate of lime and bicarbonate of magnesia, with sulphates of soda and potash, and bicarbonates of iron, manganese.

baryta, strontia, and alumina in small quantity, to the pint. The gas is carbonic acid, from 6 to 8 cubic inches to the pint.

Neuenahr, valley of the Ahr, between Bonn and Coblentz, Germany.

The waters of these springs have a composition similar to those of Ems, but have about half as much soda and very little salt.

Salzbrunn, upper Silesia, near Freiburg, Germany.

These waters are very rich in carbonate of soda.

Gleichenberg, near Gratz, Styria, Austria.

These springs are much more alkaline than Ems. The waters contain from 20 to 27 parts of carbonate of sodium, 19·5 of chloride of sodium, and 7·8 of carbonate of magnesium. The water is highly charged with carbonic-acid gas.