Nausea and vomiting due to an irritable state of the stomach-nerves are relieved by carbolic acid. Combination with bismuth enhances the effect. Rx Acidi carbolici, grs. iv; bismuthi sub-nitrat., 3 ij; mucil. acaciae, oz j; aquae menth. pip., oz iij. M. Sig.: A tablespoonful every two, three, or four hours. Attacks of cholera morbus and cholera infantum are not infrequently very promptly arrested by the exhibition of carbolic acid, or the combination of carbolic acid and bismuth Eructations of gas, due to the fermentation of foods, and the vomiting of yeast-like matters, especially when due to the presence of sarcina, are often arrested by this remedy. Good results have been obtained by the use of carbolic acid in Asiatic cholera. Combination with iodine is said to be more effective (Choleratropfen). Rx Acidi carbolici, grs. iv; tinct. iodi, gtt. xvj; aquae menth. pip., oz iv. M. Sig.: A tablespoonful every hour, or oftener. The same formula has been used successfully in cholera nostras and cholera infantum (Rothe).

Based on its power to arrest the action of ferments, carbolic acid has been used, with certainly temporary good results, in diabetes of hepatic origin (Ebstein, Habershon).

Inhalations of carbolic-acid spray possess a high degree of utility in chronic nasal catarrh, hay-asthma, chronic bronchitis, and whooping-cough. A solution in water, to the proportion of one per cent, is a suitable solution for this purpose. It may be combined with the tincture of iodine. The efficacy of these inhalations in hay-asthma and in whooping-cough is probably due to the fact that carbolic acid destroys the minute organisms (cacobacteria, pollen), on the presence of which the morbid action in these maladies depends (Letzerich). The vapor of carbolate of iodine may be inhaled in these diseases. The warmth of the hand suffices to vaporize a mixture of carbolic acid and tincture of iodine.

In pulmonary phthisis, when there is much teasing cough, or when expectoration is profuse and foul-smelling, these inhalations are serviceable. In gangrene of the lung, carbolic spray and the acid internally are used to destroy the fetor. A one-per-cent solution of carbolic acid and a mixture of carbolic acid and iodine have been injected with asserted advantage into phthisical cavities through the parietes of the thorax.

Internally, also, creosote and carbolic acid, especially the former, have been used with conspicuously good results in the treatment of the several forms of consumption, except phthisis florida. Probably the most useful observations to illustrate this point are those of MM. Bouchard and Gimbert. They used pure creosote from wood, and in the following formula: Pure creosote, 13·5 parts; tincture of gentian, 30 parts; alcohol, 250 parts, and sufficient Malaga wine to make up a thousand parts. Of this solution from two to five tablespoonfuls are taken daily. In other cases the creosote was given in cod-liver oil, which is an excellent vehicle—2 parts of pure creosote to 150 parts of cod-liver oil. The daily quantity varied from six to nine grains, and in rare cases from twelve to fifteen grains. Of ninety-three cases of phthisis treated with this remedy, twenty-five were apparently cured, twenty-nine were improved, eighteen remained no better, and twenty-one died. Creosote thus had a good effect in fifty-four out of ninety-three cases. The evidences of improvement consisted in the diminution of the expectoration, cough, and fever, and increase in the appetite, strength, and weight of body. The diminution of the expectoration, and consequently of the cough, was the first evidence of improvement, although at the beginning of the treatment the cough is apt to be increased for a short time by creosote. If the cough and expectoration are constantly increased, the medicine must be stopped. The danger of haemoptysis is rather lessened than increased by the creosote treatment. Schnitzler, of Vienna, has employed, recently, the subcutaneous injection of carbolic acid in more than one hundred cases of consumption. He practiced the injections daily, sometimes twice a day, administering each time from one eighth to one fourth of a grain. The result was, in most cases, the fever was reduced, the pulse became slower and stronger, and the night-sweats were diminished. He concludes that these injections are nearly if not quite as effective in relieving hectic as quinine.

Influenced by the germ theory of disease, carbolic acid has been much prescribed in the treatment of typhoid fever, diphtheria, scarlet fever, erysipelas, etc. Whether the theory be true or false, there can be no doubt of the good effects of creosote and of carbolic acid in these diseases. Pécholier, of Montpellier, has given creosote in sixty cases of typhoid, set apart for study of the results of the action. Good effects were obtained; the temperature kept down; the delirium and insomnia were much less; the intestinal disturbance declined, and thus the violence of the disease was distinctly lessened. M. Cha-pelle maintains that it cuts short an attack of typhoid. In the other maladies above named, the evidence of the good effects of carbolic acid is constantly accumulating. Besides the internal administration, local application to the fauces of spray, or suitable solutions, are useful in diphtheria and scarlet fever to remove fetor, and to destroy the germs of contagion which may be lodged there. Recently Rothe has treated a number of cases of typhoid fever, with great success, by a mixed antiseptic and antipyretic method, in which he employs carbolic acid and iodine administered in infusion of digitalis. The author has for several years treated the cases of typhoid and typho-malarial fever so called, which have been in his hands, with a drop each of tincture of iodine and liquefied carbolic acid every two or three hours, with results which were certainly most favorable. As Rothe has observed, this antiseptic treatment lowers the heat, lessens the diarrhoea, improves the mental state, and, indeed, diminishes the severity of the disease remarkably. The value of carbolic acid as a remedy in malarial fevers seems now conclusively established. The experiences of Eisenstein in the Vienna General Hospital are especially valuable. He obtained distinct curative effects in twenty-four cases of the tertian and in four cases of the quotidian type of intermittents. The author has found the combination of carbolic acid and iodine of great value in chronic malarial infection, and in the more acute cases after quinine has stopped the paroxysms. As an antipyretic, Eisenstein justly regards carbolic acid as inferior to salicylic. It is probable that resor-cin, hydroquinone, and other phenols, will prove more useful than either. Dr. Lecaille has found carbolic acid remarkably efficacious in yellow fever, and even after the occurrence of the ominous "coffee-grounds" vomit. He administers it both subcutaneously and by the stomach.

The dose of carbolic acid for internal use ranges from half a grain to two grains, or of the liquefied acid from half a minim to two minims. It may be given in mint-water, which covers the odor somewhat. This quantity may be repeated every hour or two, if necessary, without producing ill effects, if not too long continued. As mentioned above, the quantity given by Bouchard and Gimbert sometimes reached as high as fifteen grains a day. The mixture of bismuth, mucilage, and glycerin, is an excellent vehicle. When iodine and carbolic acid are given together, a colorless carbolate is formed when they are dropped into water.