1. North America

French-Lick Springs.

West-Baden Springs, Orange County, Indiana. Indian Springs, Martin County, Indiana.

These waters contain carbonates of soda, potassa, magnesia, and lime, and chlorides of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

and sulphates of soda, magnesia, lime, and potassa. The gases are sulphureted hydrogen and carbonic-acid gas.

Upper Blue-Lick Springs, Nicholas County, Kentucky.

Lower Blue-Lick Springs, Nicholas County, Kentucky.

Big-Bone Springs, Boone County, Kentucky.

Paroquet Springs, Bullitt County, Kentucky.

These waters are remarkable for the quantity of sulphureted hydrogen which they contain (from 1·02 cubic inch to 3·75). They are rich in the chloride of sodium (from 38·700 grains to the pint to 64·567 grains). They contain also chlorides of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium, carbonates of soda, magnesia, iron, and lime, sulphates of soda, potassa, and magnesia, and appreciable quantities of iodides and bromides.

Alpena Well, Alpena County, Michigan.

This water contains the large quantity of 4·42 cubic inches of sulphureted hydrogen to the pint. The proportion of chloride of sodium is small (8·532 grains to the pint). The other ingredients are carbonates of soda, magnesia, iron, and lime, and sulphate of lime.

Sharon Springs, Schoharie County, New York.

Avon Springs, Livingston County, New York.

Mild sulphureted waters. The principal salt is sulphate of lime, which is found in the different springs, ranging from 11·687 grains to 13·95 grains to the pint (Sharon).

Yellow-Sulphur Springs, Montgomery County, Virginia.

The most important constituents of these waters are sulphates of lime, magnesia, soda, potassa, and alumina, and carbonates of lime, magnesia, and iron. The gas is carbonic acid and sulphureted hydrogen.

Greenbrier White-Sulphur Springs, West Virginia.

Salt-Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia.

Red-Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia.

These springs are nearly alike as respects the composition of their waters. They contain chlorides and sulphates, but their principal constituents are sulphate of lime, sulphate of soda, and sulphate of magnesia. The Greenbrier Spring and the Red-Sulphur Spring waters contain also a peculiar sulphur compound, in regard to the nature of which but little is known.

2. European.

Harrogate, Yorkshire, England. Season from May to September.

These waters contain chlorides of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, carbonic-acid gas, and sulphureted hydrogen.

Llandrindod, Wales.

Saline, chalybeate, and sulphur waters; rich in chlorides, especially of sodium.

Strathpeffer, Ross-shire, Scotland.

This is a strong sulphureted water, and contains sulphate of lime, carbonate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and sulphate of soda.

Moffatt, south of Scotland.

The waters contain chloride of sodium (28·07), sulphate of soda, sulphate of lime, and sulphureted-hydrogen gas.

Baréges, Hautes-Pyrénées. Altitude, 4,000'. Temperature, 86° to 113° Fahr. Season from July to September.

Waters contain sulphide of sodium, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, etc.

These waters are used chiefly for bathing the patients, beginning with the colder and passing on to the hotter waters. These springs have a special celebrity for the treatment of old wounds, diseases of bones, and rheumatic and neuralgic affections.

Cauterets, Hautes-Pyrenées. Altitude, 3,000', but sheltered. Season, June to September. Temperature of baths, 98° to 131° Fahr.

The composition of the waters is similar to that of those of Bareges, but it is more stimulating, and contains a good deal of iodine. It is especially advised in incipient tuberculosis, bronchial affections, and pelvic diseases of women.

Eaux-Bonnes, Basse-Pyrénées, near Pau. Altitude, 2,000'.

Waters sulphurous and saline, similar to but not so exciting as those of Bareges. This resort is celebrated chiefly for its effects in laryngeal diseases and clergyman's sore-throat.

Challes, Savoy.

This water, according to Macpherson, is one of the most remarkable in Europe, and "is the strongest sulphur-well known." It contains iodine and bromine, sulphide of sodium, bromide of sodium, etc.

Aix-la-Chapelle, Rhenish Prussia. Altitude, 450'. Temperature of air during season, mean, 63° Fahr. Season from June to September.

According to Liebig's analysis, these waters contain chloride of sodium (20 grains), bromide, iodide, and sulphate of sodium, carbonate of soda (4·9 grains), sulphate of soda (2·1 grains), sulphate of potash (1·1 grain), and carbonates of lime, magnesia, strontia, lithia, etc. Used by drinking and bathing and especially in cutaneous diseases, rheumatism, syphilis, hepatic disorders, etc.

Eilsen, Lippe-Schomburg, Northern Germany.

Neundorf, Prussian Westphalia.

These waters contain the sulphates of soda, magnesia, lime, and chlorides of calcium and magnesium. They are highly charged with carbonic-acid gas and sulphureted hydrogen. They are useful in gouty and rheumatic affections, syphilis, skin-diseases, etc.

Schintznach, Switzerland. Altitude, 1,060'.

This is a highly-sulphurous water, and is charged with carbonic-acid gas and sulphureted hydrogen. It contains sulphate of soda (9.87 grains), sulphates of potash and lime, chlorides of potassium and magnesium, and carbonates, etc.

Therapy of the Sulphur-Waters

Of the sulphurous waters given above, those belonging to this country are quite unsurpassed in therapeutical value. As a rule, such waters are useful in liver-disorders; they diminish abdominal plethora, and congestion of the portal circulation. They are indicated in malarial affections of the liver and spleen. Rheumatism and gout, tuberculosis in its incipience, chronic poisoning by the metals, etc., are certainly benefited by the internal use, and by baths of sulphurous waters. Affections of the skin, syphilitic diseases, chronic rheumatic affections, etc., are especially forms of disease remediable by these waters, used internally and in the form of baths.

Authorities referred to :

Braun, Dr. Julius. Systematisches Lehrbuch der Balneotherapie.

Macpherson, Dr. John. Baths and Wells of Europe.

Moorman. Dr. J. J. Mineral Springs of North America.

Valentiner, Dr. Th. Handbuch der allgemeinen und speciellen Balneotherapie.

Walton, Dr. George E. Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada.