The United States Army ration is as follows:

Ounces

Fresh beef.............................

. 20

or mutton at same price...

20

or pork.............................

. 12

or bacon............................

. 12

orsalt pork...

22

or dried fish..

• 14

or pickled fish...

. 18

or fresh fish....

. 18

Flour.................................

. 18

or soft bread...

. 18

or hard bread...

. 16

or corn meal...

20

Baking powder when troops are in the field

Beans....

. 2 2/5

or peas...

• 2 2/5

or rice....

• 1 3/5

or hominy....

• 1 3/5

Potatoes...

. 16

or potatoes 12 4/5 and onions 3 1 / 5 . ...

. 16

or potatoes 11 1/5 and canned tomatoes 4 4/5.............................

. 16

or other fresh vegetables when they be obtained near the post...........

16

Coffee...

1 3/5

or roasted...

1 7/25

or tea................................

8/25

Sugar...

2 2/5

or molasses..........................

16/25

or can syrup...

16/25

Vinegar................................

8/25

Salt...................................

16/25

Pepper.................................

l/25

When traveling a much simpler ration is temporarily furnished United States soldiers consisting of soft or hard bread, canned beef, baked beans, coffee, sugar and canned tomatoes.

An emergency ration is also provided consisting of bacon, hard bread, pea meal, coffee or tea, saccharin, salt, pepper and tobacco.

Desiccated fruits have been found almost a necessity, and whenever practicable are added to the ration, to obviate constipation and scurvy. When in garrison, a much more generous diet is had, for the regular ration is supplemented by food purchased by the soldiers. Woodruff carefully estimated all that was eaten during ten days by the men in one of our western garrisons, and found that in addition to the regular rations, such articles as oatmeal, apples, canned and dried, tapioca, butter, lard, canned corn, canned tomatoes, macaroni, milk, cheese, prunes, cabbage, apricots, barley, raisins, and chocolate were eaten.

The United States Government is the only one which furnishes its soldiers a complete ration. Others provide soldiers with part of their food but expect them to purchase the rest out of their pay or an especial money allowance.

For instance, English soldiers, when stationed in England, receive one pound of bread, three-quarters of a pound of meat, and about five pence to purchase vegetables, milk, sugar, and other articles. When in the field, a complete ration is furnished them that varies somewhat with the climate in which they serve and with the work they have to perform.

In the United States Navy a larger variety of food is constantly used. The following is the legal ration for each person daily.

One pound and a quarter salt or smoked meat, with three ounces of dried or six ounces of canned fruit, and three gills of beans or peas, or twelve ounces of flour; or one pound of preserved meat with the same amounts of dried or canned fruit, and twelve ounces of rice or eight of canned vegetables or four of desiccated vegetables; together with one pound of biscuit, two ounces of butter, four ounces of sugar, two of coffee or cocoa or one-half of tea and one of condensed milk or evaporated cream; and an allowance weekly of one-half pound of macaroni; four ounces of cheese, four ounces of tomatoes, one-half pint of vinegar, one-half pint of pickles, one-half pint of molasses, four ounces of salt, one-fourth ounce pepper and one-half ounce dried mustard. Five pounds of lard or a suitable substitute for every hundred pounds of flour and yeast to make bread.

The following substitute for the above ration may be made when deemed necessary by the officers in command: For the salt or smoked meat or preserved meat one and three-quarters pounds of fresh meat; instead of the articles usually issued with salt or preserved meat, fresh vegetables of equal value; for biscuits one and one-fourth pounds of soft bread or eighteen ounces of flour; for three gills of beans or peas twelve ounces of flour or rice or eight ounces of canned vegetables or for twelve ounces of flour or rice or eight ounces of canned vegetables, three gills of beans or peas.

An extra allowance is also made when men are worked overtime or more than usual.

Prison menus are simple, but supply enough in quantity and variety of food to maintain good health. Calculated in terms of protein and calories they correspond well with the standards of At water, Playfair, and Voit. Usually, breakfast consists of a vegetable soup or cereal with bread and butter or milk; dinner of meat or baked beans, vegetables, and bread or fruit; supper of bread and butter or cereal and milk. They should take into consideration the kind and quantity of labor performed by the prisoners and the opportunities or necessities for exercise or work in the open air. Unfortunately, individualization is impracticable, however necessary it may seem from a medical viewpoint.

American And European (Quantities Per Man)

Dietaries.

Grams Proteins.

Gms. Fats.

AMERICAN (MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT).

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Family ofcarpenter in Middletown, Conn.

114

127

Family of glass-blowers in East Cambridge, Mass.

105

132

Boarding house, Lowell, Mass.; boarders, operatives in cotton mills__________________

132

200

Boarding' house, Middletown, Conn.; well-paid machinists, etc., at mod-erate work

Food purchased

127

186

Blacksmiths,Lowell,at hard work

105

155

Brickmakers, Massachusetts; 237 persons at very severe work ..................................................................

182

368

Mechanics, etc., in Massachusetts and Connecticut; average of 4 dietaries of mechanics at severe work .............

21S

295

Average of 20 dietaries of wage-workers in Massachusetts and Connecticut ...........

155

227

Average of 5 dietaries of professional men and college students in Middletown, Conn......................

Food purchased

136

164

Food eaten

123

155

EUROPEAN (ENGLISH, GERMAN, DANISH, AND SWEDISH).

Well-fed tailors, England, Playfair...................

132

41

Hard-worked weavers, England, Playfair.....................

155

41

Blacksmiths at active labor, England, Playfair.......................

177

73

Mechanic, Munich, 60 years old, in comfortable circum-fitances, light work, Forster .............

118

68

Well-paid mechanics, Munich, Voit....................

155

55

Carpenters, coopers, locksmiths, Bavaria; average of 11 dietaries, Voit...................................

123

36

Miners at severe work, Prussia, Steinheil.............

136

114

Brickmakers (Italians), Munich, diet mainly maize meal and cheese,severe work, Ranke........................................

168

118

German army ration, peace footing................

114

41

German army ordinary ration,war footing..................

136

59

German army extraordinary ration, in war......................

191

45

University professor, Munich; very little exercise, Kanke.

100

100

Lawyer, Munich, Forster...........................

82

127

Physician, Munich, Forster......................

127

91

Physician, Copenhagen, Jurgensen....................

136

141

Average of 7 dietaries of professional men and students, German, Denmark, and Sweden....................

114

100

DIETARY STANDARDS.

Adults in full health, Playfair..

118

50

Active laborers, Playfair..............

155

73

Man at moderate work, Moleschott...................

132

41

Man at moderate work, Voit......................

118

55

Man at hard work, Voit ......................

145

100

Man with little physicial exercise, Atwater ................

91

91

Man with light muscular work, Atwater ....

100

100

Man with moderate miiKrnla.r work, Atwator.......

127

127

Man with active muscular work, Atwater..................................

150

150

Man with hard muscular work, Atwater.........................

177

250

Dietaries And Dietary Standards, Per Day.) (Numbers From Atwater.)

Grams Carbohydrates.

Calories.

Nutri-tive ratio

450

900

1350

1800

2250

2700

3150

3600

4050

4500

4950

5400

5850

6300

6750

7200

7650

8100

8550

9000

345

3055

5.5

432

3590

8.2

550

4650

7.6

427

1010

6.8

382

6905

7.4

1154

8850

11

750

6705

6.6

627

5275

7.5

509

4140

6.6

491

3925

6.6

527

3055

4.7

623

3570

4.8

668

4115

4.7

345

2525

4.3

482

3085

4

582

3150

5.3

636

4195

6.7

677

4540

5.6

482

2800

5

491

3095

4.6

677

3985

4.1

241

2325

4.7

223

2400

6.3

364

2830

4.4

241

2835

4.1

286

2670

4.7

528

3140

5.5

568

3630

4.7

550

3160

4.9

500

3055

5.3

450

3370

4.7

300

2450

5.5

350

2300

5.7

500

3520

5.8

500

4060

5.6

650

5700

6.9