A noticeable feature of the experiment, which became evident about the middle of November and was more pronounced in the latter part of the research, was the extreme sensitivity of the subjects to cold.2 The winter of 1917-18 was unusually severe, which may, in small part, have accounted for this increased sensitivity, but the evidence seems to be clear that the men on diet were actually more sensitive to cold than their college mates living under normal conditions.

This increased sensitivity to cold manifested itself in several ways:

(1) Nearly all of the men wore heavier underclothing than usual and were inclined to wear more overclothing.

(2) The bed clothing was frequently very noticeably increased.

(3) The men were also inclined to gather about the steam radiators whenever possible.

(4) They avoided swimming in the natatorium, although the water felt comfortably warm to their college mates.

As early as November 4, 1917, several of the men, especially Pec, Can, and Pea, complained of being cold during the morning respiration experiments. Although the temperature of the room was normal, they asked for additional blankets, and Pea had changed to heavy winter underwear on the day previous on account of the cold. After the excess diet on the uncontrolled Sundays, it was not infrequently reported by the subjects that they felt much warmer and more comfortable than on the days when the diet was restricted.

December 6, Can, Tom, and Pec complained of the cold hands of the assistant who was taking the pulse-rate. At the Nutrition Laboratory, although the halls were sufficiently warm for persons wearing ordinary clothing, it was noted that when the later series of profile photographs was taken with Squad A, goosenesh appeared almost immediately when the subject removed his bath wrap. This did not occur with Squad B. On reaching the Laboratory when they came to Boston, the members of Squad A would gather around the radiators and apparently take this time to get warm.

On February 2 (the experiment ended on February 3) each member of the squad was questioned particularly with regard to clothing worn during the experiment. Their comments follow:

Pea reported that during his 3 years in college he had always worn light underwear through the winter and did not feel the cold. During the winter of 1917-18 he had to wear heavy all-wool underwear. He noticed his feet and hands were particularly cold. His roommate, who was not a member of Squad A, wore light underwear as usual.

1 Loewy and Zuntz, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1916, 53, p. 829.

2 Increased sensitivity to cold was experienced by the fasting subject. (Benedict, Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. No. 203, 1915, p. 194).

Gar had worn light underwear during the winter for 4 or 5 years. During that time he had not noticed the cold particularly. During the winter of 1917-18 he wore medium-weight union suits, half wool and half cotton, with full-length sleeves and ankle-length legs. His roommate, who was not on the squad, wore no heavier underwear than usual.

Gul stated that he had worn no underwear since the experiment began. He found it especially difficult to reduce his weight 10 per cent, and believed that if he wore no underwear the radiation of heat would be more rapid. Usually he wore light underwear in the summer and heavy underwear in the winter. During the intense cold of 1917-18 his shins felt very cold when the wind came in between his socks and trousers. When he first came to Massachusetts from North Dakota, a few years before, he did not feel the cold, because the winters in North Dakota are more severe than in Massachusetts. He thought he had not suffered from the cold more during the experiment than in the preceding winter. He wore underwear during the previous winter and had had two colds, the cause for which was not evident. During the winter of 1917-18 he had had no colds. It is a surprising fact that although the other subjects showed great sensitiveness to cold, this man was able to wear absolutely no underwear during the unusually severe winter and with a low diet. This is in striking contrast to the experience of practically all of the other members of the squad.

Vea, for the previous 4 years, had worn light underwear throughout the whole winter. During the winter of 1917-18 he wore cotton and light-weight woolen underwear, with long sleeves and legs of ankle length. For his walks outdoors, he put on woolen socks. During the last two weeks of the experiment he wore a basket-ball shirt under his regular shirt, in addition to the underclothes. The overcoat worn during the winter was lighter than usual.

Can had usually worn two-piece light-weight underclothes, but during the experiment he wore a knitted sweater and heavier drawers and socks than ordinarily. At times he put extra blankets on the bed to keep warm at night.

Tom, although not actually suffering from the cold, had felt cold and found his tendency was to stay indoors more. He slept in his bath-robe many times and kept moving when out of doors. It was his usual habit to wear the same weight of clothing throughout the year, with the exception of an overcoat in winter. During the experiment he wore no heavier underclothing or socks than usual. His chief difficulty was in keeping warm at night. Although he used an extra pair of blankets, besides his bath-robe, he was unable to keep warm in bed.

Pec reported special difficulty in keeping warm. On going to bed he could not get to sleep for half an hour on account of the cold. He usually wore a union suit of medium weight, but during the winter of 1917-18 he wore the best and heaviest woolen underwear that he could buy. He also wore a very heavy sweater every day in addition to his regular clothing while in the class room and the heaviest woolen socks that he could purchase.

May dressed more warmly than usual. For the previous 5 years he had worn light underwear throughout the winter. In November, when the weather became (folder, he felt cold and put on union suits, knee-length, with short sleeves and of medium weight, but not all wool; no heavier socks were used. In the extreme cold weather he wore a sleeveless basket-ball sweater over his underclothes a part of the time. He also put more blankets on his bed. Hia overcoat was heavier than that worn the preceding year.