This section is from the book "Hints And Practical Information For Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, And Furniture Men Generally", by John Phin. Also available from Amazon: Hints And Practical Information For Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, And Furniture Men.
Mix vermilion and a small quantity of white lead for the ground.Take rose-pink, tinged with a little lampblack or Vandyke brown, and grind very fine in oil, then take a flat graining brush, with the hairs cut away at unequal distances, and cut down the grain as if wending round a knot. When nearly dry, take a graining comb that is used for oak, and draw down the grain. This will give it the appearance of nature. When dry, varnish.
The ground color is prepared with vermilion and small quantities of white lead and crimson lake. When the ground is dry and made very smooth, take Vandyke brown, ground in oil, and with a small tool spread the color over the surface in different directions forming kind of knots. Before the work is dry, take a piece of leather, and with great freedom strike out the light veins; having previously prepared the darkest tint of Vandyke brown, or gum asphaltum, immediately take the fiat graining brush with few hairs in it, draw the grain over the work and soften. When varnished, the imitation will be excellent.
Mix Venetian red, white-lead powder, vermilion and common size, the consistency of which, when cold, must be that of a weak trembling jelly. With this composition paint the work twice over. When the ground is dry take some lampblack, finely ground in beer, and beat the white of an egg into it; take the flat graining brush, dipped in the black, and put on the grain. When dry, stain the first coat of varnish with rose pink, finely ground in turpentine, and finish the work by giving it a coat of clear varnish.
The ground is a light buff,prepared with white lead, chrome yellow, and a little vermilion or English Venetian red, to take off the rawness of the yellow. The graining color is equal parts of raw umber and sienna ground in oil to the proper consistency. Spread the surface of the work with this color, and, having some of the same prepared a little thicker, immediately take a sash tool or sponge, and put on the dark shades, and soften with the badger-hair brush; before the color is dry put on the eyes by dabbing the dotting machine on the work. When dry, put on the grain with the camel-hair pencil on the prominent parts, to imitate the small hearts of the wood. When dry, varnish.
Prepare a light yellow for the ground, by mixing chrome yellow and white lead, tinged with Venetian red. The graining color is a mixture of equal portions of raw sienna and Vandyke, ground in ale; spread the surface to be grained in an even manner; then with a piece of cork rub across the Work to and fro, to form the grains which run across the wood. When dry, varnish.
Prepare a rich ground by mixing chrome yellow, white lead and burnt sienna. For the graining color, grind equal parts of raw sienna and umber with a little burnt copperas in turpentine, and mix with a small quantity of grainer's cream. Thin the color with boiled oil; then fill a tool and spread the surface even, and rub out the lights with the sharp edge of a piece of buff leather, which must now and then be wiped to keep it clean; soften the edges of the work very lightly, and when dry, put on the top grain with burnt umber and raw sienna, ground in beer, with the white of an egg beat into it. When dry, varnish.
 
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