No. 7 on.Plate LVI., which may be of mahogany, or japanned, has a cane bottom in the original design, and "should have a cushion of linen, leather, etc."

Some of Heppelwhite's carved chair-backs are square, and anticipate those of Sheraton represented on Plate LXII.; but he was fonder of the shield form. Backs of this shape were covered as in No. 5, Plate LVI., or had carved and open-backs, as the other examples shown on the same Plate.

Of chairs he writes:

"Chairs in general are made of mahogany, with the bar and frame sunk in a hollow, or rising in a round projection with a band or list on the inner and outer edges. Many of these designs are enriched with ornaments proper to be carved in mahogany. Mahogany chairs should have the seats of horsehair, plain, striped, checquered, etc., at pleasure, or cane bottoms with cushions, the cases of which should be covered with the same as the curtains.

"For chairs, a new and very elegant fashion has arisen within these few years, of finishing them with painted or japanned work, which gives a rich and splendid appearance to the minuter parts of the ornaments, which are generally thrown in by the painters. Several of these designs are particularly adapted to this style, which allows a framework less massy than is requisite for mahogany, and by assorting the prevailing colour to the furniture and light of the room, affords opportunity, by the variety of grounds which may be introduced, to make the whole accord in harmony, with a pleasing and striking effect to the eye. Japanese chairs should have cane bottoms, with linen or cotton cases over cushions to accord with the general hue of the chairs."

The full drawing on Plate LVI. is "an easy chair," which Heppelwhite calls also a "Saddle Check," the "construction and use of which is very apparent: they may be covered with leather, horsehair, or have a linen case to fit over the canvas stuffing, as is most usual and convenient."

Chairs with stuffed backs he called "cabriole." No. 5, on Plate LVI., is labelled a "cabriole chair." Heppelwhite assures us that it "is of the newest fashion." It consists of a shield-shaped back; a little cushion upon the arm, fastened by means of tiny nails; and a leg composed of reeds bound with ribbon, surmounted by the square patera that hides the joining.

Twelve designs of chair backs, resembling chairs of the Sheraton style, are "proper to be executed in mahogany or japan; some of them applicable to the more elegant kind of chairs with back and seats of red, or blue, morocco leather; in these backs, which are sometimes made a little circular, are frequently inserted medallions, printed or painted on silk of the natural colours; when the backs and seats are of leather, they should be tied down with tassels of silk or thread."

"Stools," he says, "should match the chairs, the framework should be of mahogany, or japanned, and of course should be covered like the chairs." His "window stools" are particularly graceful. They are intended to be placed directly under the window, and their "size must be regulated by the size of the place where they are to stand; their heights should not exceed the heights of the chairs." Two of his designs, which he considers "particularly adapted for an elegant drawing-room of japanned furniture," are covered in "taberray or morine of pea-green or other light colour." The one represented on Plate LV. is of "carved mahogany with furniture of an elegant pattern." He assures us that this "will produce a very pleasing effect." Another one he recommends to be "japanned and covered with striped furniture;" and two others are "covered with linen or cotton to match the chairs. One is tufted and ornamented with buttons and the other has a scalloped valance trimmed with fringe. A tiny tassel hangs in the centre of each scallop."

The general characteristics of the stuffed Heppel-white sofa appear in the full drawing on Plate LIV., which also shows the correct covering fastened to the frame by a border of gilt nails. The dimensions of the sofa vary according to the size of the room, but the "proportion in general use" is as follows: length from 6 to 7 feet; depth about 30 inches; height of the seat frame, 14 inches; and total in the back, 3 feet, 1 inch. "The woodwork should be either mahogany or japanned, in accordance to the chairs, and the covering also must be of the same." A long square sofa he calls "the newest fashion," and recommends that "the frame should be japanned, with green on a white ground and the edges gilt; the covering of red morocco leather."

French forms and names were just as popular with Heppelwhite as with Chippendale. On Plate LIV., No. 5, is shown a confidante of Heppelwhite's design. He writes:

"This piece of furniture is of French origin, and is in pretty general request for large and spacious suits of apartments. An elegant drawing-room, with modern furniture is scarce complete without a Confidante, the extent of which may be about nine feet, subject to the same regulations as sofas. This piece of furniture is sometimes so constructed that the ends take away and leave a regular sofa; the ends may be used as Barjier Chairs." The last name refers to the bergere.

Heppelwhite writes of the duchesse:

"This piece of furniture also is derived from the French. Two Barjier chairs of proper construction, with a stool in the middle, form the Duchesse, which is allotted to large and spacious ante-rooms; the covering may be various, as also the framework, and made from 6 to 8 feet long. The stuffing may be of the round manner as shown in the drawing, or low-stuffed with a loose squab, or bordered cushion, fitted to each part; with a duplicate linen cover to cover the whole, or each part separately. Confidantes, sofas and chairs may be stuffed in the same manner."