Practical Hints For Furniture Men | by John Phin
Relating to all kinds of Finishing, with full directions Varnishes, Polishes, Stains for Wood, Dyes for Wood. Gilding and Silvering, Receipts for the Factory, Lacquers, Metals, Marbles etc. Pictures, Engravings, etc. Miscellaneous.
| Title | Practical Hints For Furniture Men |
| Author | John Phin |
| Publisher | Fred A. Hodgson |
| Year | 1880 |
| Copyright | 1880, Fred A. Hodgson |
| Amazon | Hints And Practical Information For Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, And Furniture Men |
Finishing- Finishing is the process of applying to the surface of wood a thin coating of varnish or other substance, to render it durable, enhance its beauty or change its appearance. There are numerous methods ...
- Filling
- Fillers--These compounds play a very important part in the art of finishing, not only in the great economy of material and time required, but in producing a handsomer and more durable finish than poss...
- Application Of Varnishes
- Preliminary to applying the varnish the pores of the wood should be filled, according to instructions given in the preceding receipts. Sufficient time should be allowed for the filler to become perfec...
- Rubbing
- This part of the finishing process is that which gives to the varnish when laid upon the wood a degree of smoothness not otherwise attainable; for by the use of the brush alone, minute furrows and rid...
- Flowing And Polishing
- Flowing Flowing is the process of giving the work, after it has been properly prepared, a coat of varnish made expressly for that purpose, called flowing varnish. Veneered panels are usually finished...
- Varieties Of Finish
- The processes of finishing having been described, it now remains to explain varieties of finishing in use; these are largely derived from the peculiar qualities of the different varnishes used, for fu...
- Varieties Of Finish. Continued
- An Improved Polish To a pint of spirits of wine add, in fine powder, one ounce seedlac, two drachms of gum guaiacum, two drachms of dragon's-blood, and two drachms of gum mastic; expose them, in a ve...
- Wax Finish
- Mix together with heat, white wax and spirits of turpentine to the consistency of thick paste; when cold, apply it to the work with a rag; rub on heavily so as to fill the pores of the wood; remove al...
- Ebony Finish
- This finish is usually applied to cherry, or other light-colored woods having little grain. The ebony appearance is produced by the use of a stain, various receipts for which will be found under the h...
- French-Polishing
- This is a method of varnishing by rubbing the varnish upon the surface of the wood instead of applying it with brushes. When varnish is applied simply with a brush, a comparatively uneven surface resu...
- Staining
- Staining is the process of imparting to the surface of wood a color different from its natural one. It consists of two varieties, surface-staining and body-staining. In the former, as the name implies...
- Dyeing Wood
- Dyeing wood is mostly applied for the purpose of veneers, while staining is more generally had recourse to give the desired color to the article after it has been manufactured. In the one case, the co...
- Gilding and Silvering
- Gilding, Silvering and Bronzing are processes of applying to previously prepared surfaces a thin layer of gold or silver leaf, or in bronzing, of a fine powder, prepared from various metals and intend...
- Gilding and Silvering. Continued
- Oil Gilding Applying the Gold - If the wood to be gilded is finished with varnish or otherwise, no additional foundation is necessary upon which to lay the gold-leaf; if the wood is not finished, aft...
- Bronzing
- This is a process for imitating on metal, plaster, wood or other material, the peculiar appearance produced by chemical action upon the surface of bronze metal. It is accomplished by spreading over th...
- Graining Work
- Graining This is a variety of painting by which the grain, color or texture of different woods is imitated. Considerable experience is necessary to produce satisfactory results, the mixing of the col...
- Mixing Colors
- The primary colors are those that cannot be compounded from other colors, being pure in themselves; they are three in number - red, blue and yellow; and from these three all others are compounded. Fro...
- The Gums And Their Qualities
- Amber The durability of the varnishes is of course mainly dependent upon the comparative insolubility of the resins; their hardness, toughness, and permanence of color. In these respects amber excels...
- The Solvents
- Linseed-oil is extensively employed as a vehicle for the harder resins, to which it imparts softness and toughness, but causes the varnish to dry slowly; and unless the oil is of the purest and palest...
- Preparation Of Oil Varnishes
- The preparation of oil varnishes requires the application of considerable heat, and owing to this and the highly inflammable nature of the materials, the process is attended with considerable risk of ...
- How to Make Copal Varnishes
- The foregoing directions are, with very little differences, to be observed in making all sorts of copal varnishes, excepting the quantities of oil, gum, etc., a few of which will be now added. Copal ...
- Best Body Copal Varnish For Polishing
- Fuse eight pounds of fine African gum copal, add two gallons of clarified oil; boil it very slowly for four or five hours, until quite stringy, and mix it off with three and a half gallons of turpenti...
- Pale Amber Varnish
- Fuse six pounds of fine-picked very pale transparent amber in the gum-pot, and pour in two gallons of hot clarified oil. Boil it until it strings very strong. Mix with four gallons of turpentine. This...
- Preparation Of Spirit And Turpentine Varnishes
- In the preparation of spirit and turpentine varnishes, scarcely any apparatus is required; as, generally speaking, the process is almost limited to mixing the resins and solvent together, and agitatin...
- Preparation Of Spirit And Turpentine Varnishes. Continued
- It need scarcely be observed, that all the utensils employed in making spirit varnishes should be perfectly clean and dry, as the least moisture or even a damp atmosphere is liable to deteriorate the ...
- Bleached Shellac
- When a lighter-colored lac varnish, or polish is required than can be made with the palest ordinary shell-lac, the bleached lac, sold under the name of white lac, may be employed with advantage. The v...
- Colored Lackers
- Lackers are frequently required to be colored, either of yellow or red tints. For yellow tints, turmeric, cape aloes, saffron, or gamboge are employed; and for red tints, annotto and dragon's-blood ar...
- Varnishes
- Varnishes are solutions of the various resins, commonly called gums, in either oil, turpentine, or alcohol. The gums principally applied are amber, anime, copal, lac, Sandarac, mastic, damar and commo...
- Polish Revivers
- French Polish Reviver Half pint linseed oil, 1 oz. spirits of camphor, 2 ozs. vinegar, ½ oz. of butter of antimony, ¼ oz. of spirts of hartshorn. Another. - One lb. of naptha, 4 oz. of shellac, ¼ oz...
- Furniture Polish
- An Important Fact It is an undeniable fact that a good furniture polish is demanded by the trade, and for household use. Furniture by standing in warerooms becomes dusty, dirty, and lustreless; the d...
- Glue
- Glue Glue is prepared from waste pieces of skin, horns, hoofs, and other animal offal. These are steeped, washed, boiled, strained, melted, reboiled and cast into square cakes, which are then dried. ...
- Miscellaneous Receipts
- How To Raise Old Veneers First, wash the surface with boiling water, and, with a coarse cloth, remove dirt or grease; then place it before the fire, or heat it with a caul; oil its surface with commo...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Continued
- Boiler Incrustation The following remedies have been used, with varying success, to prevent the incrustation of boilers. 1. Potatoes, in weight one fiftieth part that of the water, prevents the adhe...
- Mounted Tracings
- Tightly strain across an old drawing-board, by means of tacks slightly driven, a piece of cotton tolerably good quality, but do not damp it, except with paste, as hereafter mentioned. Work the last in...
- How To Make Paste For Laying Cloth Or Leather
- To a pint of the best wheaten Sour add resin, very finely powdered, about two large spoonfuls; of alum, one spoonful, in powder; mix them in all well together, put them into a pan, and add by degrees ...
- How To Temper Tools
- The quality of the steel should be uniform throughout; indeed, it is always better to have them tempered rather too hard than soft, for use will reduce the temper. If at any time it is necessary to pe...
- Fixing Saws
- How To Remedy Splits In Circular Saws Three methods. Drill a small hole in the saw at the bottom of the split. Drill six holes about ¼ in. in diameter, along the line of the crack, taking cart that...
- Practical Hints
- Will Keep fit for use for some time, if covered with a damp cloth while moist. How To Restore The Elasticity Of Cane-Chair Bottoms Turn up the chair bottoms, and with a hot water and sponge wash...
- Ivory
- How To Soften Ivory Slice a quarter of a pound of mandrake, and put it into half a pint of the best vinegar, into which put your ivory; let the whole stand in a warm place for forty-eight hours, when...
- Carpet Maintenance
- Moths In Carpets Moths will work in carpets in rooms that are kept warm in winter as well as in summer. A sure method of removing the pests is to pour strong alum-water on the floor to the distance o...
- Cements
- Cement For Joining Leather A cement which has been found useful for this purpose may be prepared by mixing ten parts of bisulphate of carbon, one of oil of turpentine, and so much gutta-percha as is ...
- How To Clean Pictures
- Wash with a sponge or a soft leather and water, and dry by rubbing with a silk handkerchief. When the picture is very dirty, take it out of its frame, procure a clean towel, and making it quite wet, l...
- Cleaning Engravings
- Tut the engraving on a smooth board, cover it thinly with common salt finely powdered. Squeeze lemon juice upon the salt so as to dissolve a considerable portion of it; elevate one end of the board so...
- How to Stain Objects
- How To Stain Horn In Imitation Of Tortoise Shell Mix an equal quantity of quicklime and red lead with strong soap lees, lav it on the horn with a small brush, in imitation of the mottle of tortoise-s...
- Working with Marble
- How To Polish Marble It sometimes happens that the cabinetmaker has a table-top of marble to remount, which is scratched, and requires re-polishing. The following is the process used by the mason, an...
- Embossed Gilding for Illuminating
- Gilding of figures and letters on paper and for the embellishment of manuscripts, is performed with shell gold tempered with gum water; or the characters may be drawn with a milky solution of gum amma...
- Putty
- Painters use various kinds of putty, using varnish japan, oil, keg lead, dry lead, red lead, whiting, zinc white, umber, yellow ocher, etc, in the composition of the various kinds. In mixing up putty ...
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