They consist, generally, of benzine, kerosene, rosin spirit, or coal tar naptha, mixed with various proportions of turpentine, to which is added also some substance to disguise the odor of the substances used, and simulate the odor of turpentine.

None of them replace turpentine in its peculiar qualities, but they serve a purpose where cheap solvents or diluents are called for. While these substitutes dry rapidly by evaporation, it will be found that pure turpentine, when used in the same proportion, causes more rapid drying of the paint or varnish to which it is added, than when benzine or similar substances are used, as turpentine absorbs oxygen and these substitutes do not have any influence on the paint.

No. 1

Turpentine, 20 gallons, Benzine, 20 gallons, Kerosene, 10 gallons, Camphor oil, 1-4 gallon.

No. 2

Turpentine, 10 gallons, Benzine, 20 gallons, Kerosene, 20 gallons, Camphor oil, 1-2 gallon.

No. 3

Turpentine, 10 gallons, Benzine, 30 gallons, Kerosene, 10 gallons, Camphor oil, 1-4 gallon, Raw linseed oil, 1 gallon.

Oil of lemon is also used in the proportion of 1-2 oz. to the gallon, in place of camphor oil. The use of oil of lemon is excluded, because of the price, whereas, oil of camphor is very cheap. Other turpentine substitutes:

Pinoline, or resin spirit, 20 gallons, Benzine, 20 gallons, Kerosene, 10 gallons, Camphor oil, 1-4 gallon.

Pinoline, or resin spirit, 10 gallons,

Turpentine, 10 gallons,

Benzine, 30 gallons,

Camphor oil, (if necessary), 1-8 gallon.

Finally, it might be added that deodorized or varnish makers' benzine should be used, as having less odor.