This section is from the book "The Carpenters' Guide", by Harvey Miller. Also available from Amazon: The carpenters' guide.
To divide a board in 2 or more equal parts, lay the rule across at any number that will give 2, 3 or more equal parts and mark and line for same, and there will be no fractional parts to figure. (Fig. 64.)

Fig. 64
To cut a mitre take the square at 12" and 12" or any other equal number of inches on the square. (To cut a mitre see fig. 65.)
To cope a mould or board cut an inside mitre and cut out the face of the mitre with a coping saw and the cope will fit the mould at right angle, also set a compass the proper width, hold in the same angle as you mark down, and cut to mark. (Fig. 66.)

Fig. 65

Fig. 66

Fig.66-A

Fig. 67
To cope a board to an uneven surface, set the board plumb and scribe with a pencil compass, from top to bottom, holding the compass at the same angle.
 
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