Crushing-Strength Of Materials. Reduced To A Uniform Measure Oy One Square Inch
Description
This section is from the book "Modern Carpentry And Building", by W. A. Sylvester. Also available from Amazon: Modern Carpentry And Building.
Crushing-Strength Of Materials. Reduced To A Uniform Measure Oy One Square Inch
MATERIAL. | Crushing-Weight. |
METALS. | lbs. |
Cast-iron, American, mean . | 129,000 |
Wrought-iron, American . | 127,720 |
" " mean, | 83,500 |
Fine brass.................................... | 164,800 |
Cast-copper............................ | 117,000 |
Cast-steel............................. | 295,000 |
Cast-tin........ | 15,500 |
Lead...................................... | 7,7:30 |
WOODS. | |
Ash......... | 6,663 |
Beech ........ | 6,963 |
Birch ......... | 7,969 |
Box......... | 10,513 |
Cedar, red................................ | 5,968 |
Chestnut................................ | 5,350 |
Elm......... | 6,831 |
Hickory, white........................ | 8,925 |
Locust........ | 9,113 |
Mahogany, Spanish ............. | 8,198 |
Maple.................................. | 8,150 |
Oak, American white .............. | 6,100 |
Pine, pitch................................. | 8,947 |
" white........................... | 5,775 |
" yellow....................... | 8,200 |
Spruce, white.................... | 5,350 |
Sycamore......................... | 7,082 |
Teak......... | 12,100 |
Walnut................................. | 6,645 |
MATERIAL. | Crushing-Weight. |
STONES, ETC. | lbs. |
Common brick masonry . | 500 |
to | |
800 | |
Freestone, Belleville . . . | 3,522 |
" Caen . . . . | 1,088 |
" Connecticut . ..... | 3,919 |
" Dorchester . . | 3,069 |
" Little Falls . . | 2,991 |
Granite, Patapsco ................ | 5,340 |
" Quincy ............. | 15,300 |
Marble, Baltimore, large . | 8,057 |
small . | 18,061 |
" East Chester* . . | 13,917 |
" Hastings, N.Y. . . | 18,941 |
" Italian..................... | 12,624 |
" Lee, Mass. . . . | 22,702 |
" Montgomery Co., Penn..................... | 8,950 |
" Stockbridge † ........ | 10,382 |
" Symington, large . | 11,156 |
" " fine crystal............... | 18,248 |
" Symington, strata horizontal . . | 10,124 |
" Symington, strata vertical . . . | 9,324 |
Mortar.......................... | 120 |
to | |
240 | |
Sandstone, Adelaide . . . | 2,800 |
" Aquia Creek ‡ . | 5,340 |
" Seneca § . . . | 10,762 |
* Same as that of the General Post-office, Washington. t Same as that of the City Hall, New York.
‡ Same as that of the Capitol, Treasury Department, and Patent Office, 'Washington, D.C.
§ Same as that of the Smithsonian Institute.
The Crushing-strength of any body is in proportion to the area of its section, and inversely as its height.
In tapered columns the strength is determined by the least diameter.
With cast-iron, a pressure beyond 26,680 pounds per square inch is of little, if any, use in practice.
The safe-load that may be borne by a column of cast-iron, independent of any considerations, regarding the operation of its ends, as to their being flat or rounded, etc., is from 5,000 to 8,000 pounds per square inch for short or stable bodies.
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