Timbers for a Light Frame. - Sills, 4x6 or 6x6 inches. Flooring-timbers, 2x6 inches, put from 16 to 22 inches apart. Posts, 3x5 inches. Ledger-boards, 1x6 inches, well fitted and nailed. Studding, 2x3 inches, put 16 inches to centres. Plates, 3x4 inches. Rafters, 2x5 inches, put 2 feet apart. Partition studding, 2x3 and strapping 1x3 inches, put 16 inches to centres.

Timbers for a Medium Frame. - Sills, 6x7, 7x8, or 8x8 inches. Flooring timbers, 2x8. 9, or 10 inches, put 16 or 18 inches apart, and bridged. Posts, 4x6 or 4x8 inches. Studding. 2x4 inches, put'16 inches to centres. Window and door studs, 3x4, or 4x4 inches. Ledger-boards, 1 x 7 or 8 inches, well fitted and nailed, ,or girts 4 or 5 x 7 or 8 inches. Plates, 3x4 inches. Rafters. 2x6 inches, put 2. feet apart. Main partition studs 2x4 inches; other partitions, 2x3 inches, put 12 or 16 inches to centres.

Timbers for a Good Heavy Frame for Dwelling-House. - Sills, 8x8 or 8x10 inches. Flooring timbers, first story, 2x12 inches; second story, 2x10 inches; third story, 2x8 inches, put 16 or 18 inches apart, and well bridged. Side girts, 5x8 inches. End girts, 6 x 8 inches. Outside studding, 2x5 inches, put 12 or 16 inches to centres. Window and door studs, 3x5 inches. Rafters, 2x8 inches, put 20 or 24 inches apart. Main partitions, 2x5 inches; other partitions, 2x4 inches, put 12 or 16 inches to centres.

To square the sills of a house, make a mark on the upper outside edge of the side sill 8 feet from the corner of the house, and 6 feet from the corner of the house on the end sill; when the sills are square, a 10-foot pole will just reach across from point to point.

Framing and Boarding. - To estimate the number of square feet of boards required to board a building, and lay the under floors, double the length, and also the width of the building; add these amounts, which gives the length around the building; multiply this by the length of the outside studding, which gives the square feet in the walls of the house. If the house has a pitch roof, multiply the width of the house by the rise of the roof: the result will be the square feet in 2 gables. Then, to find the square feet in the roof: to the length of the house, add the amount of projection at both ends (generally about 18 inches at each end, which makes 3 feet to be added), which amount multiply by twice the total length of the rafters, which gives the square feet in the roof. Then for the floors, multiply the length of the building by the width, and multiply this by the number of floors, which gives the square feet in all of the floors. Add together these different amounts, and add 1/8 for waste, which will give the number of square feet required. In estimating the labor in framing and boarding, some builders reckon eight or ten dollars per thousand feet.

RESIDENCE OF W. A. SYLVESTER. (For framing plans see back part of this book.)