(Pinus rubra.) 516. This timber, which is sometimes called by botanists Pinus re8ino8a, is grown on dry gravelly, sandy, or rocky soils in the northern parts of North America, where the tree attains a height of 60 or 70 feet, and a diameter of 15 to 25 inches at 5 feet from the ground.

In Canada it is called "Norway pine" and in Nova Scotia "yellow pine," and also "red pine," chiefly from the colour of its bark. The tree is never found growing to a large extent in any particular part of its native forests, but only in comparatively small patches here and there - not covering many acres in extent in any one place.

The wood is of a fine grain and close texture, with a slightly red tinge, and is highly esteemed in Canada and the United States for its strength and durability. It makes beautiful clean timber. Mr. Brown states that he has often seen it cut up at saw-mills on the Ottawa into planking upwards of 35 feet long, without a single knot being exposed to view.*

The timber when cut up is very similar in appearance to the Northern pine exported from Memel, and from which it is often difficult to be distinguished. The knots in the Memel timber, however, are usually smaller and cleaner than in red pine.

The Canadian red pine has been employed to a considerable extent for various purposes in this country. Though excellent timber, it is considered somewhat inferior in strength and durability to the best Baltic pine; but it is often preferred by the shipwright for planks and spars on account of its being soft, pliant, and easily worked. It has, however, usually a greater number of layers of sap-wood than the Baltic pine. The Pinus rubra is seldom to be seen growing in this country. The weight of a cubic foot when dry is about 37 lbs.

* 'Forester,' 4th edit., 1871.