Long Measure (Measures Of Length)

Ins.

Feet

Yards

Fath.

Bods

Furl.

Mile

12 =

1

36 =

3 =

1

72 =

6 =

2 =

1

198 =

16 1/2 =

5 1/2 =

2 3/4 =

1

7920 =

660 =

220 =

110 =

40 =

1

63360 =

6280 =

1760 =

880 =

320 =

8 =

1

6080 26 Feet = 1.16 Statute Miles = 1 Nautical Mile or Knot.

Square Measure (Measures Of Surface)

Sq. Ins.

Sq. Feet

Sq. Yards

Sq. Rods

Roods

Acre

144 =

1

1296 =

9 =

1

39204 =

272 1/2 =

30 1/4 =

= 1

1568160 =

10890 =

1210 =

40 =

1

6272640 =

43560 =

4840 =

160 =

4 =

1

640 Acres = 1 Square Mile. An Acre = a square whose side is 69.67 Yards or 208.71 Feet.

Cubic Measure (Measures Of Volume)

Cu. Ins.

Cu. Feet

Cu. Yard

1728 =

1

46666 =

27 =

1

A Cord of Wood = 128 Cubic Feet, being 4 feet x 4 feet x 8 feet.

42 Cubic Feet = a Ton of Shipping.

1 Perch of Masonry = 24 3/4 Cubic Feet, being 16 1/2 feet x 1 1/2 feet x 1 foot.

Liquid Or Wine Measure

The U. S. Standard Gallon measures 231 Cubic Inches, or 8.33888 Pounds Avoirdupois of pure water, at about 39.86 degrees Fahr., the Barometer at 30 Inches.

Gills

Pints

Quarts

Gallons

Tierces

Hogsheads

Puncheons

Pipes

Cubic Tun Inches

4 =

1 =

28.375

8 =

2 =

1 =

57.75

32 =

8 =

4 =

1 =

231.

1344 =

336 =

168 =

42 =

1=

2016 =

504 =

262 =

63 =

1 1/3=

1

2488 =

672 =

336 =

84 =

2=

1 1/3 =

1

4032 =

1008 =

604 =

126 =

3=

2 =

1 1/2 =

1

8064 =

2016 =

1008 =

262 =

6=

4 =

3 =

2 =

1

A Cubic Foot contains 7 1/2 Gallons. The British Imperial Gallon contains 277.27 Cubic Inches and = 1.2 U. S. Gallons.

Dry Measure

The Standard Bushel contains 2150.42 Cubic Inches, or 77.627013 Pounds Avoirdupois of pure water at maximum density. Its legal dimensions are 18 1/2 Inches diameter inside, 19 1/2 Inches outside, and 8 Inches deep; and when heaped the cone must be 6 Inches high, making a heaped Bushel equal to 1 1/4 struck ones.

Pints

Quarts

Gallons

Pecks

Bushel

Cubic Inches

2 =

1 =

67.2

8 =

4 =

1 =

268.8

16 =

8 =

2 =

1 =

637.6

64 =

32 =

8 =

4 =

1 =

2150.42

The British Imperial Bushel contains 2218.2 Cubic Inches and = 1.03 U. S. Bushels.

Avoirdupois Or Commercial Weight

The Grain is the same in Troy, Apothecaries, and Avoirdupois Weights.

The Standard Avoirdupois Pound is the weight of 27.7015 Cubic Inches of distilled water weighed in the air at 36.85 degrees Fahr., Barometer at 30 Inches. 27.343 Grains = 1 Drachm.

Drachms

Ozs.

Lbs.

Long Qrs.

Long Cwt.

Long Ton

16 =

1

266 =

16 =

1

7168 =

448 =

28 =

1

28672 =

1792 =

112 =

4 =

1

673440 =

36840 =

2240 =

80 =

20 =

1

The above Table gives what is known as the Long Ton. The Shor Ton weighs 2000 Pounds.

Trot Weight

For Gold, Silver, and Precious Metals.

Grains

Dwts.

Ozs.

Lb.

24 =

1

480 =

20 =

1

5760 =

240 =

12 =

1

176 Pounds Troy = 144 Avoirdupois.

Pounds Avoirdupois ö .82286 = Pounds Troy.

Pounds Troy x 1.2153 = Pounds Avoirdupois.

The Jewelers' Carat is equal, in the United States, to 3.2 Grains; in London, to 3.17 Grains; in Paris, to 3.18 Grains.

Apothecaries Weight

United States and British.

In Troy and Apothecaries Weights, the Grain, Ounce, and Pound are the same.

Grams

Scruples

Drachms

Ozs.

Lb.

20 =

1

60 =

3 =

1

480 =

24 =

8 =

1

6760 =

288 =

96 =

12 =

1

The Metric System Weights

Metric Denominations and Values.

Equivalents in Denominations in use.

Names.

No. Grams.

Weight of what quantity of water at maximum density

Avoirdupois Weight.

Millier or tonneau =

1,000,000 =

1 cubic meter =

2204.6 pounds

Quintal =

100,000 =

1 hectoliter =

220.46 pounds

Myriagram =

10,000 =

10 liters =

22.046 pounds

Kilogram or kilo =

1,000 =

l liter =

2.2046 pounds

Hectogram =

100 =

1 deciliter =

3.5274 ounces

Dekagram =

10 =

10 c. centimeters =

0.3527 ounce

Gram =

1 =

1 c. centimeter =

15.432 grains

Decigram =

.1 =

.1 c. centimeter =

1.5432 grains

Centigram =

.01 =

10 c. millimeters =

0.1543 grain

Milligram =

.001 =

1 c. millimeter =

0.0154 grain

Measures Of Length

Metric Denominations and Values.

Equivalents in Denominations in use.

Myriameter =

10,000 meters =

6.2137 miles

Kilometer =

1,000 meters =

0.62137 mile, or 3,280 feet 10 in.

Hectometer =

100 meters =

328 feet and 1 inch

Dekaineter =

10 meters =

393.7 inches

Meter =

1 meter =

39.37 inches

Decimeter =

.1 of a meter =

3.937 inches

Centimeter =

.01 of a meter =

0.3937 inch

Millimeter =

.001 of a meter =

0.0394 inch

Measures Of Surface

Metric Denominations and Values.

Equivalents in Denominations in use.

Hectare =

10,000 square meters

= 2.471 acres

Are =

100 square meters

= 119.6 square yards

Centare =

1 square meter

= 1.560 square inches

Measures Of Capacity

Metric Denominations and Values.

Equivalents in Denominations in use.

Names

No. Liters

Cubic Measure

Dry Measure

Wine Measure

Kiloliter =

1,000 =

1 cubic meter =

1.308 cubic yards =

264.17 gallons

Hectoliter =

100 =

.1 cubic meter =

2 bush. 3.35 pecks =

26.417 gallons

Decaliter =

10 =

10 c. decimeters =

9.08 quarts =

2.6417 gallons

Liter

1 =

1 c. decimeter =

0.908 quart =

1.0567 quarts

Deciliter =

.1 =

.1 c. decimeter =

6.1022 cubic inches =

0.845 gill

Centiliter =

.01 =

10 c. centimeters =

0.0102 cubic inch =

0.338 fluid oz.

Milliliter =

.001 =

1 c. centimeter =

0.061 cubic inch =.

0.27 fluid dr.

"United States" And "Metric" Constants

Long Measure

Millimeters

X

.03937 =

inches

Millimeters

ö

25.4

inches

Centimeters

X

.3937 =

inches

Centimeters

ö

2.54 =

inches

Meters

ö

39.37

inches (Act of Congress)

Meters

X

3.281 =

feet

Meters

X

1.094 =

yards

Kilometers

X

.621 =

miles

Kilometers

ö

3280.7 =

feet

Kilometers

ö

1.6093 =

miles

Square Measure

Square millimeters

X

.0156 =

square inches

Square millimeters

ö

645.1 =

square inches

Square centimeters

X

1.55 =

square inches

Square centimeters

ö

6.451 =

square inches

Square meters

X

10.764 =

square feet

Square kilometers

X

247.1

acres

Hectares

X

2.471 =

acres

Cubic Measure

Cubic centimeters

ö

16.383 =

cubic inches

Cubic centimeters

ö

3.69 =

fluid drachms (U. S. P).

Cubic centimeters

-7-

29.57 =

fluid ounces (U. S. P).

Cubic meters

X

35.315 =

cubic feet

Cubic meters

X

1.308 =

cubic yards

Cubic meters

X

264.2 =

gallons (231 cubic inches)

Liquid Measure

Liters

X

61.022 =

cubic inches (Act of Congress)

Liters

X

33.84 =

fluid ounces (U. S. Phar).

Liters

X

.2642 =

gallons (231 cubic inches)

Liters

ö

3.78 =

gallons (231 cubic inches)

Liters

X

28.316 =

cubic feet

Hectoliters

X

3.531 =

cubic feet

Hectoliters

X

2.84 =

bushels (2150.42 cubic inches)

Hectoliters

X

.131 =

cubic yards

Hectoliters

ö

26.42 =

gallons (231 cubic inches)

WEIGHTS Grammes x 15.432 = grains (Act of Congress)

Grammes x 981 = dynes

Grammes (water) ö 29.67 = fluid ounces Grammes ö 28.35 = ounces avoirdupois

Grammes per cubic centimeter ö 27.7 = pounds per cubic inch Joule x .7373 = foot pounds

Kilograms x 2.2046 = pounds Kilograms x 35.3 = ounces avoirdupois Kilograms ö 1102.3 = tons (2,000 pounds) Kilograms x per square centimeter 14.223 = pounds per square Inch

Contents (Board Measure) Of One Lineal Foot Of Timber

WIDTH IN

INCHES

THICKNESS IN INCHES

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

18

1.

4.6

6.

7.6

9

10.6

12

13.5

15

16.5

18

19.5

21

17

2.83

4.25

5.66

7.08

8.5

9.92

11.33

12.75

14.17

15.58

17

18.42

19.83

16

2.67

4

6.33

6.67

8

9.33

10.67

12

13.33

14.67

16

17.88

18.66

15

2.5

8.73

5

6.25

7.6

8.75

10

11.25

12.5

13.75

15

16.25

17.5

14

2.33

3.6

4.67

5.83

7

8.17

9.33

10.6

11.67

12.83

14

15.17

16.33

18

2.17

3.25

4.83

5.42

6.6

7.58

8.07

9.75

10.83

11.92

13

14.08

12

2

8

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

11

1.83

2.75

3.67

4.68

5.6

6.42

7.33

8.26

9.17

10.08

10

1.67

2.6

3.33

4.17

5

5.83

6.67

7.5

8.33

9

1.6

2.26

3

3.75

4.6

6.25

6

6.76

8

1.33

2

2.67

3.33

4

4.67

5.33

7

1.17

1.75

2.33

2.92

3.5

4.08

6

1

1.6

2

2.5

8

5

.83

1.25

1.67

2.08

4

.67

1

1.33

3

.5

.75

2

.33

To ascertain the contents of a piece of timber, find in the table the contents of one foot and multiply by the length, in feet, of the piece.

Example : What is the Contents (Board Measure) of a piece of timber 10 in. x 7 in., 20 ft. long ? Answer : 5.83 x 20 = 116.6 feet Board Measure.

Properties Of Timber

Description

Weight per Cubic

Foot in Lbs.

Tensile

Strength per Sq. In.

in Lbs.

Crushing

Strength per SQ. In.

in Lbs.

Relative

Strength for Cross

Breaking.

White

Pine

Equal 100

Shearing Strength with the

Grain. Lbs. per

Sq. In.

Ash ....

43 to 55.8

11,000 to 17,207

4,400 to 9,363

130 to 180

458 to 700

Beech. . .

43 to 53.4

11,500 to 18,000

5,800 to 9,363

100 to 144

-

Cedar.. .

50 to 56.8

10,300 to 11,400

5,600 to 6,000

55 to 63

-

Cherry . .

-

-

-

130

-

Chestnut.

33

10,500

5,350 to 5,600

96 to 133

-

Elm . . .

34 to 36.7

15,400 to 13,489

6,831 to 10,331

96

-

Hemlock.

-

8,700

5,700

88 to 95

-

Hickory .

-

12,800 to 18,000

8,925

150 to 210

-

Locust . .

44

20,500 to 24,800

9,113 to 11,700

132 to 227

-

Maple . .

49

10,500 to 10,584

8,150

122 to 220

367 to 647

Oak, white

45 to 54.5

10,253 to 19,500

4,684 to 9,509

130 to 177

752 to 966

Oak, live.

70

-

6,850

155 to 189

-

Pine, white

30

10,000 to 12,000

5,000 to 6,650

100

225 to 423

Pine, yellow .

28.8 to 33

12,600 to 19,200

5,400 to 9,500

98 to 170

286 to 415

Spruce . .

-

10,000 to 19,500

5,050 to 7.850

86 to 110

253 to 374

Walnut, black. .

42

9,286 to 16,000

7,500

-

-

The above table should be taken with caution, as there is often very wide variations in any species.