This tree thrives in England, but it is a native of the South of Europe and of the same latitudes in Asia and America, where it grows to a much greater size.

The Walnut when young produces very inferior white wood, but in old trees a marked difference exists, it being of a dark brown colour and very durable.

The wood is of even texture, the annual ring being fairly distinct, with occasional twisted veins of darker colour, except in the black walnut, as the dark-coloured American variety is called. The medullary ray is invisible.

The pores in the spring wood are rather distinct, and the wood shrinks considerably in seasoning. It should, therefore, be well dried in the second seasoning in order to get it true. It does not warp or twist much, however, and when finally shrunk will stand well.

Walnut is much used for ornamental purposes, as it can be glued very strongly, and will take a beautiful polish. The veining adds much to its appearance, especially in the roots and burr wood.

This wood does not in the least corrode metal fastenings, and for this reason, and because of its lightness and strength, it is invariably used for gun-stocks.

Italian Walnut is the best, but is dear and difficult to get.

American Walnut (Juglans nigra) is cheaper than English or Italian, and is extensively used. It has all the ordinary properties of walnut, except that it is not so durable and is somewhat less elastic.

This variety is straighter grained and is easier to work than European kinds.