Several spools of film may be developed at one time. To do this you need a " Duplicating Outfit " consisting of a solution cup, a reel, and an apron for each additional roll of film to be developed. The extra rolls of film may be wound upon the flanged reels and immersed in the solution cups as previously described.

Fixing The Negative

It is an advantage to get the acid fixing bath ready about half an hour before development will be finished, in order that the temperature of the solution may become normal. It may be prepared by dissolving " Kodak " acid fixing salt in the proportion of 1 oz. to 8 oz. (25 grams to 200 c.c.) of water, the actual quantity depending of course upon the size of the film and the capacity of the dish in use.

When development is complete, remove the lid, pour out the developer, fill the tank with clear cold water and pour off, repeating the operation three times to wash the film. Then remove the flanged reel, separate the film from the paper, and place it immediately in the fixing bath, which should be in readiness in a separate dish or tray.

Portions of the paper may stick to the back of the Kodak " N.C. " (non-curling) film when the developed spool is removed from the tank. In such a case they should be allowed to remain until the paper has become sufficiently softened in the fixing bath to be rubbed off with the fingers.

The film may be separated from the paper in the light of an ordinary room, if the developer be thoroughly washed out. The operation should be performed over a bowl, bath, or sink. Before being used again or put away the apron should be washed, wiped and dried.

The film should be taken in the hands, one at each end, and passed through the fixing solution, three or four times, when it may be entirely immersed in folds, care being taken that it is fully covered. Fixing should be complete in about twenty minutes. Insufficient fixing may show itself by a milky appearance on the back of the negative, but as the absence of this milkiness does not necessarily indicate perfect fixing, care should be taken to allow the film to remain for at least five minutes in the fixing bath after the milky appearance has entirely vanished.

Washing

Washing of the film may take place in a bowl of cold water which should be changed every five minutes, for half an hour, with frequent movement of the film to ensure access of the water to every part; or it may be given two changes of water, as above, and then left for an hour in a bowl with a gentle stream of water running in and out.

Drying The Negatives

When the film is thoroughly washed remove the surplus water from it with a soft damp cloth, or draw the strip across the smooth edge of a porcelain, enamelled, or china bowl, so as to get rid of all " tear drops." Then attach a " Kodak " film clip to each end of the strip, and suspend it, clear of the wall, to dry. The film should be cut up into strips of not more than six negatives before drying.

When dry the strips may be cut up and the finished negatives should be kept flat-not rolled up. A " Kodak " indexed negative album keeps them in perfect order.

Over-Development

Over-development may be caused by leaving the film too long in the developer, or by using too warm a developer. In this case the negative is too strong and intense and requires a long time to print. After it has been soaked for 20 minutes in water it may be improved by reduction in the following :

Water, 6 ounces or 170 c.c. Hypo, 1/4 ounce or 7 grams. Potassium Ferricyanide (saturated solution), 20 drops or 1.2 c.c.

The reducing solution rapidly decomposes and will not keep for more than a few minutes.

Rock the tray gently until the negative has been reduced to the required density, then wash for ten minutes in running water or in four changes of water.

Negatives may be reduced locally by applying the above solution to the dense parts with a camel hair brush, washing off the reducer with clear water occasionally to prevent it from running into parts of the negative that do not require reducing.

Under - Development

Underdevelopment is due to removal of the film from the developer too soon.

An under-developed negative is thin and full of detail, instead of harsh and lacking in detail, as in the case with under-exposure. If the development is conducted properly this defect will not occur.

If a mistake has been made in developing and the negative appears weak (this can be judged only by experience), the negative can be improved by intensification. The success of any intensifying process largely depends on the negatives having been well fixed and washed.

Lay the film in an empty tray and cover it with " Kodak " Chromium Intensifies

Allow the intensifier to act until the film is thoroughly bleached ; then return the solution to the bottle and wash the film in four or five changes of water for fifteen minutes. Re-develop according to the instructions on the bottle of intensifier.