Participles, like ordinary-adjectives (§ 103), may be used (1) as direct adjuncts, (2) as predicate attributes (not of identity or classification), and (3) as predicate attributes of the object.

As predicate attribute a participle may be a part of a verb phrase (She was running*), or it may be a second predicate attribute (She came laughing).

Exercise 233

Describe each participle.

Model Clapping her hands for joy, the child laughed loudly.

The word clapping is a present participle. It is a form of the verb clap. As an adjective it is a direct adjunct of the noun child.

1. The men, turning their backs upon the stream, plunged into the forest once more.

2. The men were hurrying to and fro.

3. He owns a house built a century ago.

4. The policeman kept the crowd moving.

5. The engineer sat on his seat, peering into the darkness ahead.

6. The blast of the horn went echoing sweetly down the forest path.

7. Drawing his bow with care, he sped the shaft.

8. The letter was written Monday.

9. The ball, thrown with great force, broke the window.

10. 1 found a watch, dropped by some passer-by.

11. The persons going by stopped on hearing the cry for help.