68. Unequal Recurrence Of Words

It is an ascertained fact that fewer than two hundred words, through being frequently repeated, make up at least one-half the bulk of any ordinary written or spoken discourse. To write these words with their full phonographic representation would be inconvenient even in the fullest style of phonography, and impossible in the briefer form known as the "reporting style," where the object to be attained is to keep pace with the utterance of a rapid speaker.

69. Logograms

These words are, therefore, abbreviated in phonography and written for the most part, with but a single motion of the pen, and in any case with but a single sign - vowel or consonant. These signs are called logograms, and the words they represent are called gramrhalogues. A logogram always consists of some part of the complete representation of its grammalogue, and, in most cases, that part is chosen which is most likely to suggest the full word.

70. Vowel Logograms

The following are the vowel logograms:

Those marked with an asterisk are written above the line, as high as the top of a stroke l. The dashes are utilized by writing them in three directions, both on and above the line. Thus each is made to do duty as six distinct logograms. The dash-logograms are all struck down except on and should, which should be written in the direction of ray. When the same sign stands for more than one word the words are of such a nature that their meanings do not clash, the context making perfectly clear which is intended. The student is advised to commit to memory the words in the last two lines of this list in the order in which they are given, and, while repeating them a great many times, to associate in his mind the signs with the words, remembering the changes of direction and the alternation of position.