570. The following are the principal classes of word-groups which, often recurring and not briefly enough written by ordinary methods, may be represented by irregular phrase-signs, similar in construction to those suggestively given below:

1. Names of individuals, as, for instance, Jonathan

Smith

Benjamin Franklin

Andrew Jackson.

2. Names of business firms or establishments, as, tor

example: Bosworth & Bacon

, Skivington Brothers

3. Titles of societies, associations, corporations, etc., for instance: District of Columbia

Temperance Society

Pennsylvania Loan and Trust Company

Citizens' National Bank

4. Terms applying to historical events or to public measures, present or past. Illustrations: Declaration of Independence

Missouri Compromise.

Monroe Doctrine

Demonetization of Silver

Spanish-American War

5. Technical terms; that is to say, verbal combinations peculiar to special subjects - chemistry, medicine, law, etc.

Illustrations: Carbonic acid

rheumatic gout

law of primogeniture

6. Any combinations of words (though general, not technical, in their character) if frequently recurring, and not written easily or briefly enough by regular methods.

How Are Irregular Phrases Constructed!

571. Irregular phrase-signs are constructed according to three different methods:

1. In one class of irregular phrases, words or parts of words are very freely omitted, without regard to the regular methods of ellipsis heretofore explained; and the remaining words or parts of words are joined without lifting the pen. Illustration: North Dakota

Central Pacific

Railway

A favorite method of constructing phrases of this class is "to join one or two letters, usually the initial ones, of two or more parts of the name or phrase," as Pacific Mail Steamship Company

(A. J. Graham.)

2. In other irregular phrases, the omission of certain letters is accomplished by breaking the phrase and representing the whole verbal combination by two disjoined fragments, as viva voce

3. In other cases, while, as in the class of phrases last described, the phrase is broken, the fragments are not completely disjoined, but are brought into contact by the principle of "intersection;" in other words, after the first part of the phrase has been written, the pen is lifted, and the latter part - generally a single stroke - is written across the former part. Illustration: Democratic party

572. In applying the principle of "intersection," the following suggestions (not intended to cover all cases) will be found useful:

(a.) An intersecting s may represent, at the end of a title, the word society, as phonetic society

(b.) An intersecting k may represent company; as, cotton company

(c.) An intersecting sh may represent association; as, beneficial association

(d.) An intersecting p may represent party; as, national party

(e.) An intersecting t may represent committee; as, finance committee

(f.) An intersecting d may represent department; as railway department

If the direction of the preceding stroke does not allow the final stroke to intersect, the latter may be written alongside of, and close to, the preceding stroke, making what may be called a "broken phrase;" thus, Republican party