467. Certain single strokes representing respectively it, which, such, she, they, there and they are, may be written half length in the third position to add would; thus, it would

such would

they would

there would

468. In the opinion of the author, would in these cases

is best expressed in the ordinary way, thus, it would

which would,

such would

she would

there would

In the phrase they would, the ordinary sign for would, which does not conveniently join, may, without risk of illegibility, be inverted, according to the principle already explained in Paragraphs 298-9. Or in this particular case, the half-length may be resorted to.

469. If the word would be uniformly expressed by the "brief way" character, and not by half-lengthing, the half-length device, instead of representing in these cases both would and had, will, of course, have but a single signification - had - as explained in Paragraph 471.

Exercise

470. In the following exercise, would may be expressed, if preferred, by writing the preceding word half-length in the third position:

it would it would be it would leave it would make it would receive it would retain

it would sanction it would be required it would be received she would she would be she would never

she would insist she would observe she would say such would such would be such would require such would make such would never such would now such would remain there would there would be there would go there would never there would necessarily

there would now

they would

they would decide

they would do

they would deny

they would make

which would

which would be

which would be necessary

which would be left

which would be required

which would be received

which would make

which would receive

which would sanction

"had" expressed by halving.

471. The words named in Paragraph 467, and also had and have, may be written half-length in the third position

to add had; thus, it had

which had

such had

they had

there had

she had

have had

had had

Exercise

In the following exercise, had is to be expressed by writing the preceding word half-length in the third position:

it had it had been it had once it had only it had some

it had sometime it had such it had sure(ly) it had the it had their own

Half-Length Principle

it had theirs

it had to be

it had your own

had had

had had many

had had reason

had had some

had had something

had had occasion

had had trouble

have had

have had the

have had information

have had sufficient

have had time (tm)

have had none

have had several

have had such

she had

she had been

she had better

she had gone

she had made

she had never

she had not

she had observed

she had received

she had said

she had (to) be

she had (to) say

such had

such had a

such had the

such had been

such had become

such had many

such had only

such had (to) be such had received there had there had been there had better there had never there had no doubt there had rarely they had they had chosen they had done they had many they had only they had recently they had several they had such they had their they had this which had which had a which had the which had become which had been which had occasion which had once which had only which had received which had somehow which had something which had sometimes which had such which had sure(ly) which had the which had their own which had (to) be which had (to) make which had (to) say

472. Have had may generally be attached with safety to a preceding stroke, although thereby it loses positional

distinction. Examples: I have had,

may have had

you have had the

"not," by halving and the "n" hook.

473. To a full-length stroke without a final attachment, not may be added by halving the stroke and adding the n

hook; thus, if not

Co not

had not.

may not

be not

will not,

(usually written above the line); are not