Dream Mechanism is called Displacement. It is a clever manoeuvre on the part of the Latent Content to escape the Censor by making important ideas in the Latent Content seem unimportant in the Manifest Content. Through displacement, the unwary are lured into revealing their dreams.

In the example cited above, the walk up Fifth Avenue is the most important part of the Manifest Content, but it is the least important part of the Latent Content.

Dramatization, or the Dream-forming Mechanism, is the means by which the Latent Content is represented in consciousness, for, be it remembered, that in a dream all the thinking is done in the unconscious and consists of pictures represented by the unconscious dream thoughts, the expression of the Latent Content through visualization, or turning into pictures, pantomime or moving pictures the components of a dream. The dreamer is invariably represented in a dream and is usually the central figure, or chief actor.

Elaboration is the waking process under which the dreamer's conscious mind forms the dream into a story with a certain logical sequence and coherence. The longer the dreamer waits before recalling the dream the more this process loses in accuracy. In other words, dreams should be repeated and recorded as soon after waking as practicable.

The dreamer is directed to fix his attention upon the dream and to relate it as accurately as possible, withholding nothing from the analyst. Then he must allow his mind to wander at will; wholly abandoning any tendency to direct or to criticise his thought, he must relate everything that occurs to him. Nothing must be kept back, no matter how unpleasant or trivial it may seem.

"The information thus obtained is never personal. It deals with a person's inmost secrets and reveals to a surprising extent the influence of the sexual and infantile upon adult life, the Latent Content is always logically formed and perfectly coherent." - Freud.

Freud himself admits that his process of analysis is complicated and at first rather difficult, but he adds that it well repays the trouble.

Opinions vary as to the practical value of the Freudian analysis; many hold it as a most valuable method of procedure.

A. W. Van Renterghem, M.D., Amsterdam, writes as follows:

"When we finally comprehend the true meaning of a dream, then we at once feel ourselves transported into the very midst of the secrets of the dreamer, and to our amazement we see that even an apparently meaningless dream is full of sense and really bears witness of extremely important and serious things pertaining to the soul life. This knowledge obliges us to have more respect for old superstitions concerning the meaning of dreams, a respect which is far to seek in our present day rationalism."

Jung, Freud's former pupil, now his greatest rival, uses the Freudian form, though the substance of the interpretation is less materialistic. He agrees with Freud in holding dreams as symbolical or artificial substitutes for personally important wishes of the waking self, those which had received too little attention at the time or which had been suppressed.

Jung has created a new term, "libido," which he uses to express a force inclusive of but deeper than mere sexuality; something in the nature of Bulwer-Lytton's Vril or of Berg-son's Elan Vital; the energy of life that, while manifesting in sex, also manifests in other physiological and psychological processes. Anger, hunger, jealousy, ambition, struggles, the urge of higher ideals, growth, mental and physical, originate from this force.

Instead of tracing every dream to unfulfilled sexual desires, framed in the occurrences of the day before, yet originating in infancy or childhood, Jung attributes many dreams to attempts at compensation for ungratified wishes and ideals. "In short they are a sort of artificial substitute for the unfulfilled reality." He also construes the striving or libido as the origin of the myths and traditions of the dawn of humanity.

Dr. Isidor H. Coriat interprets dreams after the Freudian method with two slight variations. The process is less complicated and the eroticism less obtrusive. He elaborates Repression, or the work of the Censor into a positive factor and adds a fifth mechanism to Freud's four. This mechanism Coriat terms Reinforcement. It is defined as: "The reinforcement or strengthening of the wish of the first dream by a second dream following the first dream in the same night." Although Freud does not make use of the term, he mentions the fact that dreams occurring during the same night, however different as to form, are always related or correlated.

Pharaoh's dream of the kine and of the corn furnishes an example of Reinforcement, and Joseph proves his skill as an interpreter even according to ultra-modern methods in attributing the same meaning to both dreams.

Coriat acknowledges the importance of symbols in dream interpretations and makes use of typical dreams.

A typical interpretation from his "Meaning of Dreams" is the case of a young man who after a delightful visit to some friends, returned home and dreamed that a bed of bulbs planted by his hosts during his sojourn had burst into leaf and blossom. Dr. Coriat translates this dream as expressing a desire that the visit might have been prolonged to the length of time that is normally required for bulbs to leaf and blossom. He adds: "The wish in the dream is perfectly dear."

Havelock Ellis gives four methods of dream interpretation:

First, the Literary, by which all books are taken.

Second, the Clinical, derived from personal observation, with the summarizing and analysis of results.

Third, the Experimental.

Fourth, the Introspective.

"By learning to observe and to understand the ordinary night experiences of dream-life, we shall be laying the foundation of future superstructures.

"For rightly understood, dreams may furnish us with the clews of the whole life."