Raphael and the popular dream authorities take the more normal view of this dream and translate it as foreboding sorrow and trouble.

Falling Out of Teeth. This dream is attributed to dental irritation by all except the Freudian school, who define it as an erotic dream.

Oneirocritics agree that it forecasts heavy sorrows. Raphael expresses the general view: "To dream that your teeth are very loose portends personal sickness; that one comes out denotes the loss of a friend or relative; that they all fall out is a sign of your own death."

Return to School Days. This dream is classified as typical by Havelock Ellis, Foucault, Wundt and others, though Freud does not mention it. It is generally attributed to a cramped position of the body or the limbs, suggesting the restraint of a school desk.

The Examination Dream, i. e., of passing through a school examination, Freud terms a typical dream; it occurs only to persons who have passed an examination, never to those who have failed.

The Dream of Missing a Train. Freud classifies as a "consolation dream" directed against a fear, or the fear of dying. Havelock Ellis, on the contrary, attributes dreams of trains and railroads as due to headache.

With a few exceptions the symbolical interpreters, gypsies, etc., agree that to see oneself in a railroad train augurs either a change of residence or a long journey. A few authorities, however, hold this dream to mean the visit of a friend from a distance. In this connection it is rather curious to note the agreement of authorities upon the subject of the dreams of older origin, while their disagreement upon the more modern dreams, engines, railroads, electricity, etc., is almost inevitable.

Climbing a Hill, Sweating, Drawing Heavy Loads, etc. These dreams are with one accord attributed to pulmonary, respiratory or cardiac troubles; they manifest themselves in sleep through the subconsciousness before the waking mind has recognized them. The dream of Robert Louis Stevenson, previously quoted, is an illustration.

The Dream of Burglars Breaking Into the House is attributed to sounds without which become exaggerated by the dream consciousness. Freud, however, traces this dream to erotic sources.

Raphael declares that to dream of burglars and to overcome them signifies victory over enemies; to be defeated by the burglars signifies proportionate misfortune.

Standing Upon the Brink of a Precipice is caused by lying diagonally across the bed with the feet extended beyond the edge.

Artemidorus, as well as Raphael, construes this as a dream of warning, and the symbolism is obvious.

Lakes, Springs, etc. These are attributed to a full bladder by Manaceine and others.

Freud suspects them of erotic origin, while Raphael says that to dream of a glassy lake denotes prosperity and future happiness; a muddy lake, on the contrary, is supposed to represent loss and heavy cares.

Havelock Ellis mentions contrast dreams as typical, and defines them as those which take the emotions of the day and invert them; the classification of these dreams, however, is difficult for the ordinary dream student. Freud divides typical dreams into three classes, Fear Dreams, Anxiety Dreams and Consolation Dreams

The Anxiety dream, Freud announces as merely superficially attached to the idea containing it and coming from another source, to be inferred from a knowledge of the patient. Anxiety dreams may be psycho-neurotic in their nature; chief among them is that of failing to pass an examination.

The dream of committing murder, while not precisely typical in that it lacks unanimity as to its fundamental source, is nevertheless sufficiently universal to merit mention among the typical dreams.

Freud attributes the dream of murder to the suppressed wish of the dreamer. Nacke and other writers claim that the dream is due to the innate vileness of the human heart when freed from conventional restraint.

Havelock Ellis takes the optimistic view that especially sensitive persons dream of crime as they are frequently more imaginative when sleeping than when awake. In proof of this theory he cites the sleep of criminals which is usually free from dreams, and those that they have are generally harmless. To which Freud replies that the most beautiful dream is commonly the most wicked in content.

Certain schools of philosophy hold the murder dream as an atavistic return to the psychic condition of our ancestors of ages back.

Of thirteen popular dream-books, eight ignore the dream of murder; the five remaining agree with Raphael: "To dream you have committed a murder is an awfully portentous dream. It foretells your vicious life, the perpetration of evil and probably imprisonment. After such a dream repent and abandon sin, or it will be the worse for you."

The reader will not fail to find a certain analogy between the interpretation of typical dreams by modern psychologists and their translation by the much derided school of oneirocritics.

Dreams resultant from physical stimuli are next in importance to the typical dream as a connecting link between the psycho-physiological and the purely psychic world of dreams. Many of Freud's anxiety dreams come under this classification and Tissie assumes that all diseased organs of the human body impress their characteristic features upon the dream contents. Diseases of the lungs, for instance, give rise to dreams of suffocation, of crowds, and of flight. Boerner has even induced nightmare by lying on the face and closing up the openings of the respiratory organs. Paracelsus speaks of the dream of a nail being driven into the head as symptomatic of apoplexy.

Havelock Ellis, who claims that the color sense is lacking in the normal dreamer, advances the opinion that when the dreamer sees colors in his sleep he manifests the symptoms of some cerebral disturbance. Many students, however, fail to endorse this theory.