Francisque Xavier Michel, a French archaeologist, born in Lyons, Feb. 18, 1809. He began his literary career in Paris as a writer for the journals, and in 1832 published two historical novels, Job and Audefroi le bdtard. His chief attention, however, was given to philosophical researches, and between 1830 and 1833 he edited several publications written in mediaeval French, including La chronique de Du Guesclin, Les chansons de Coucy, Le lai d'Haveloh le Danois, etc. In 1835 he was commissioned by Guizot, then minister, to make researches into early French history and literature among the libraries of England, and in 1839 he was appointed professor of foreign literature in the faculty of Bordeaux. Between 1834 and 1842 he published in London or Paris more than 30 works in French, Saxon, or English, written between the 11th and 14th centuries, many of which were then printed for the first time. Among the most important are: the Roman d'Eustache le Moine (1834); Tristan, a collection of poems of the 12th and 13th centuries in French, Anglo-Norman, and Greek (2 vols. 12mo, London, 1835); Chro-niques anglo-normandes (3 vols. 8vo, Rouen, 1836-'40), illustrating the history of England and Normandy during the 11th and 12th centuries; La chanson de Roland (1837); Chro-niques des dues de Normandie (4 parts, 1837-'40), by the troubadour Benoit; La chanson des Saxons, by Jean Bodel (2 vols. 8vo, 1839-'40), a narrative of the life of Wittekind; " Chronicle of the War between the English and the Scots in 1173 and 1174" (1840); Histoire des dues de Normandie et des rois d'Angleterre (1840); and Le roman du Saint- Graal, in verse (1841). He has also produced several original works of considerable erudition, including his Histoire des races maudites de la France etdel'Espagne (2 vols. 8vo, 1847); Le litre d'or des metiers (2 vols. 8vo, 1851-'4); Histoire des tissus de soie au moyen age (2 vols. 4to, 1852-4); Le pays Basque (1857); Les Ecossais en France et les Frangais en Ecosse (1862); and Histoire du commerce et de la navigation d Bordeaux, principalement sous Pad-ministration anglaise (1867). He has translated several English works.