I. David, a French Protestant divine, born in Metz, March 18, 1017, died in Berlin, Sept. 3, 1092. He was the son of a lawyer, and received his first education at a college of Jesuits, who endeavored in vain to convert him to Catholicism. After completing his studies at Geneva, he was pastor at Cha-renton, and afterward at Meaux (1641-'53) and at Metz (1653-'85). On the revocation of the edict of Nantes he went to Frankfort-on-the-Main, and was afterward pastor in that city, at Hanau, and in Berlin. He wrote Apologie de Luther, de Zwingle, de Calvin et de Beze (Hanau, 1666), and several other small works.

II. Charles, a French author, son of the preceding, born in Metz, July 28, 1659, died in Berlin, July 5, 1715. He graduated as a lawyer in Paris, failed to obtain from Louis XIV. the exemption of the Metz Protestants from the revocation of the edict of Nantes, though the persecutions were somewhat relaxed, and subsequently joined his father in Berlin, where the elector of Brandenburg placed him at the head of the French refugees, and subsequently sent him as minister to Switzerland. After being employed (1095-'99) by the landgrave of Baden-Durlach, the king of Prussia appointed him historiographer and chief of police.

Among his works are Histoire de l' etablisse-ment des Francais refugies dans les Etats de Brandebourg (Berlin, 1690), and Histoire de la tie de Soliman II. (Rotterdam, 1706).

III. Ludwig Friedrieh, grandson of the preceding, born in Berlin in 1740, died June 13, 1814. He was pastor of the French community in Berlin, counsellor of the upper consistory, and author of various writings.

IV. Johann Peter Friedrieh, a Prussian statesman and historian, son of the preceding, born in Berlin, April 30, 1707, died there, April 19, 1837. After graduating at the university of Geneva, he was appointed pastor of the French church in Berlin (1790), and professor of history in the military academy (1792). In 1793 he travelled through Switzerland and France. In 1801 he published Melanges de litterature et de philosophie. Two years later followed his most important historical work, the Tableau des revolutions du sys-teme politique de l'Europe depuis le 15me siecle (afterward translated by himself into German). This was followed by his works Ueber Staats-wissenschaft (1819), Ueber Glauben und Wissen in der Philosophie (1824), and other writings.